Porcine intestinal lymphoid tissues synthesize estradiol

Abstract

Estradiol (17β-estradiol) is synthesized primarily in the gonads of both sexes and regulates the development and function of reproductive organs. Recently, we reported that intestinal lymphocyte homeostasis is regulated by estradiol synthesized de novo in the endothelial cells of the high endothelial venules (HEVs) of mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches in mice. This observation prompted us to hypothesize that HEVs of intestinal lymphoid tissues are sites of estradiol synthesis across species. In this study, we examined whether estradiol is synthesized in the intestinal lymphoid tissues of adolescent piglets. Comparisons of estradiol levels in blood and tissue showed that estradiol concentrations in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches were significantly higher than the level in serum. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that porcine intestinal lymphoid tissues express mRNAs for steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, 17β-Hsd, 3β-Hsd, Cyp17a1, and Cyp19a1), and immunohistochemical results in ilial tissue showed expression of aromatase (CYP19) in Peyer's patch-localized endothelial cells of HEVs. When mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch tissues were cultured in vitro, they produced estradiol. Taken together, the results indicate that mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches are sites of estradiol synthesis in adolescent piglets.

A Novel Method to Differentiate Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro into Estrogen-Secreting Cells

“…This tissue-specific expression of CYP19A1 maintains tight local control over the synthesis and action of estrogens [32]. Although CYP19A1 expression and estrogen synthesis in palatine tonsil tissues have not yet been investigated, estrogen synthesis in lymphoid tissues has been reported previously [33]. Mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch tissues cultured in vitro produced estradiol [33], and the expression and activity of steroidogenic enzymes were detected in the spleen [34].…”

“…Although CYP19A1 expression and estrogen synthesis in palatine tonsil tissues have not yet been investigated, estrogen synthesis in lymphoid tissues has been reported previously [33]. Mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch tissues cultured in vitro produced estradiol [33], and the expression and activity of steroidogenic enzymes were detected in the spleen [34]. As a lymphoid tissue, tonsils might be a site of estrogen synthesis in vivo considering high CYP19A1 expression.…”

Estrogen receptor alpha signaling in dendritic cells modulates autoimmune disease phenotype in mice

“…Notably, LNs retain significantly higher estradiol concentrations than peripheral blood (Oakley et al , 2016), and their concentration is higher or equivalent to gonadal estradiol (Oakley et al , 2016). Moreover, ovariectomy does not alter estrogen content in the LNs (Oakley et al , 2016; Park et al , 2018). Thus, LNs‐synthesized estrogen may be involved in determining EAE disease phenotypes.…”

Potential effect of fish oil to preserve expression of cell cycle and tight junction regulating genes in colon after di-isononyl phthalate ingestion in albino Wistar rats

“…The antioxidant effect of FO was well documented, 16 due to its content of EPA and DHA, which may provide an explanation to the normal histological architecture noticed in DIP-FO-group. As estradiol (E) is synthesized in Peyer’s patches, 17 DIP was also reported to decrease the E level, 18 which may shed light on the potential of DIP to affect both the structure and endocrine function of GIT.…”