Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Description of Persistence in Individual Pigs upon Experimental Infection

Allende, Rossana; Laegreid, William W.; Kutish, G. F.; Galeota, J. A.; Wills, Robert W.; Osorio, Fernando A.

doi:10.1128/jvi.74.22.10834-10837.2000

Cited by 211 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Given the high specificity of the RTnPCR assay demonstrated in this experiment, i.e., 4 false positives among 780 samples from animals known to be PRRS virus negative, these results suggest the detection of inactivated virus in previously infected animals .. Overall, the results of this and previous studies are in agreement: PRRS virus infection results in persistently-infected swine (Allende et al, 2000;Christopher-Hennings et al, 1995;Christopher-Hennings et al, 2001;Wills et al, 1995;Wills et al, 1999). The current study differed from previous studies in that a higher proportion of carriers was detected than previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The detection of PRRS virus in tonsil and/or oropharyngal scrapings has previously been reported (Allende et al, 2000;Benfield et al, 1997;Christopher-Hennings et al, 2001;Wills et al, 1997;Wills et al, 1999). In this study, virus was detected somewhat more frequently in oropharyngeal scraping samples than tonsil tissue samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the postulated role of virus-specific factors, i.e., hypothesized differences among virus isolates relative to their ability to persist in pigs, and host-specific factors , i.e., postulated effects of age or breed on the duration of persistent infection (Christopher-Hennings et al, 2001;Halbur et al, 1998). Although the North American prototype PRRS virus (ATCC VR-2332) was used frequently (Benfield et al, 1997;Christopher-Hennings et al, 1995), but not exclusively (Allende et al, 2000;Benfield et al, 1997;Christoper-Hennings et al, 2001;Swensen et al, 1995;Wills et al, 1997;Wills et al, 1999;Zimmerman et al, 1992), there are too many inconsistencies in experimental design to be able to compare the data and determine whether strain variation exists. This issue would best be resolved by a single experiment providing for a direct comparison among strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of the carrier state in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Horter

Pogranichniy

Chang

et al. 2002

Veterinary Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of the carrier state in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Horter

Pogranichniy

Chang

et al. 2002

Veterinary Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These may nevertheless play a role in reducing the viral load (34). Of major concern to animal health is that PRRSV 1) results in persistent infections that may require 150 days to clear (46) and 2) infections increase susceptibility to secondary infection and may interfere with the success of vaccines (47)(48)(49).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets: XIX. Undiversified B Cells with Hydrophobic HCDR3s Preferentially Proliferate in the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

Butler

Lemke

Weber

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes an extraordinary increase in the proportion of B cells resulting in lymphoid hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoimmunity in neonatal piglets. Spectratypic analysis of B cells from neonatal isolator piglets show a non-Gaussian pattern with preferential expansion of clones bearing certain H chain third complementary region (HCDR3) lengths. However, only in PRRSV-infected isolator piglets was nearly the identical spectratype observed for all lymphoid tissues. This result suggests dissemination of the same dominant B cell clones throughout the body. B cell expansion in PRRS was not associated with preferential VH gene usage or repertoire diversification and these cells appeared to bear a naive phenotype. The B cell population observed during infection comprised those with hydrophobic HCDR3s, especially sequences encoded by reading frame 3 of DHA that generates the AMVLV motif. Thus, the hydropathicity profile of B cells after infection was skewed to favor those with hydrophobic binding sites, whereas the normally dominant region of the hydropathicity profile containing neutral HCDR3s was absent. We believe that the hypergammaglobulinemia results from the products of these cells. We speculate that PRRSV infection generates a product that engages the BCR of naive B cells, displaying the AMVLV and similar motifs in HCDR3 and resulting in their T-independent proliferation without repertoire diversification.

show abstract

“…PRRSV targets primarily a subpopulation of macrophages in the lung and other tissues that have reached a specific stage of differentiation that renders them permissive to the virus (Duan et al, 1997;Gaudrealt et al, 2009). PRRSV infection is characterised by an atypical pathogenesis consisting of a prolonged acute phase lasting for 1 month or longer, with peak virus levels in the blood and lung between 7 to 14 days post infection and followed by a persistent infection in the lung and lymphoid tissues that clears for most animals within 150 days post infection (Allende et al, 2000), but can last in some (especially younger) pigs for several months or years (Lopez and Osorio, 2004;Figure 3a).…”

Section: Prrsv (Virus) Infection (See Example 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of mathematical models of host–pathogen interactions for livestock health and production – a review

Doeschl‐Wilson

2011

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Compared with the application of mathematical models to study human diseases, models that describe animal responses to pathogen challenges are relatively rare. The aim of this review is to explain and show the role of mathematical host-pathogen interaction models in providing underpinning knowledge for improving animal health and sustaining livestock production. Existing host-pathogen interaction models can be assigned to one of three categories: (i) models of the infection and immune system dynamics, (ii) models that describe the impact of pathogen challenge on health, survival and production and (iii) models that consider the co-evolution of host and pathogen. State-of-the-art approaches are presented and discussed for models belonging to the first two categories only, as they concentrate on the host-pathogen dynamics within individuals. Models of the third category fall more into the class of epidemiological models, which deserve a review by themselves. An extensive review of published models reveals a rich spectrum of methodologies and approaches adopted in different modelling studies, and a strong discrepancy between models concerning diseases in animals and models aimed at tackling diseases in humans (most of which belong to the first category), with the latter being generally more sophisticated. The importance of accounting for the impact of infection not only on health but also on production poses a considerable challenge to the study of host-pathogen interactions in livestock. This has led to relatively simplistic representations of host-pathogen interaction in existing models for livestock diseases. Although these have proven appropriate for investigating hypotheses concerning the relationships between health and production traits, they do not provide predictions of an animal's response to pathogen challenge of sufficient accuracy that would be required for the design of appropriate disease control strategies. A synthesis between the modelling methodologies adopted in categories 1 and 2 would therefore be desirable. The progress achieved in mathematical modelling to study immunological processes relevant to human diseases, together with the current advances in the generation and analysis of biological data related to animal diseases, offers a great opportunity to develop a new generation of host-pathogen interaction models that take on a fundamental role in the study and control of disease in livestock.

show abstract

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Description of Persistence in Individual Pigs upon Experimental Infection

Cited by 211 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of the carrier state in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Characterization of the carrier state in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets: XIX. Undiversified B Cells with Hydrophobic HCDR3s Preferentially Proliferate in the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

The role of mathematical models of host–pathogen interactions for livestock health and production – a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About