Porcine Torque teno virus: Determination of viral genomic loads by genogroup-specific multiplex rt-PCR, detection of frequent multiple infections with genogroups 1 or 2, and establishment of viral full-length sequences

Gallei, Andreas; Pesch, S.; Esking, Wiebke Schulze; Keller, C.; Ohlinger, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.005

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The first antibody survey revealed a relatively high rate of seropositivity to TTSuV2 in conventional pigs from different sources but not in gnotobiotic pigs. This result correlates with the ubiquitous nature of TT viruses and their high prevalence as detected by PCR and quantitative PCR techniques (Gallei et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2010;Kekarainen et al, 2006;Jarosova et al, 2011). The main structural protein of the virus is the nucleocapsid protein (thought to be coded by ORF1), the largest structural protein of the virus particle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Preliminary epitope mapping of Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 putative capsid protein and serological detection of infection in pigs

Jarošová

Celer

2013

Journal of General Virology

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The aim of this work is to identify antigenic regions within the ORF1 protein of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and Torque teno virus sus 2 (TTSuV2) that could be used as antigens to detect virus-specific antibodies following infection in pigs. Protein sequences of TTSuV ORF1 genes were analysed to predict linear antigenic epitopes. Synthesized peptides were analysed for serological reactivity with swine sera. Such an antigenic region was identified at the C terminus of the ORF1 protein of both viruses and showed serological reactivity with 78 % (TTSuV1) and 88 % (TTSuV2) of swine sera. An ELISA with an immunodominant peptide as antigen was used to examine the sera of piglets, aged 4-20 weeks, and adults. Results indicated that TTSuV1-and TTSuV2-specific antibodies were detectable at 4 weeks. Antibody titres increased from week 10 and peaked at week 20. A relatively high antibody titre persisted to adulthood.

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mentioning

confidence: 75%

Preliminary epitope mapping of Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 putative capsid protein and serological detection of infection in pigs

Jarošová

Celer

2013

Journal of General Virology

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“…Ataxia and hind limb paresis were observed in 2 dual-infected (PCV-2b/BVDV-1-like virus) germ-free pigs. Signs were transient in 1 animal (days [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The other pig also had partial tongue paralysis; signs in this animal were present at days 10-22 (end of study).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Real-time PCR for TTV-1 was performed using sequence-specific primers and a probe bearing a 5′ FAM and 3′ MGB (minor groove binder) quencher. 12 Nested PCR for TTV-2 were performed as previously described. 20 …”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental co-infection of pigs withBovine viral diarrhea virus 1andPorcine circovirus-2

et al. 2011

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The role of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in the development of Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2)-associated disease (PCVAD) was investigated in 2 experimental studies. In the first, separate groups of germ-free pigs were inoculated with filtered tissue homogenate (from diseased pigs) containing PCV-2b + BVDV-1–like virus (group 1), PCV-2a + BVDV-1–like virus (group 4), BVDV-1–like virus only (group 3), or PCV-2b + BVDV-1–like virus following a BVDV vaccination protocol (group 2). This last group was used to test if BVDV vaccination would prevent clinical PCVAD in this model. Many of the inoculated pigs had mild multisystemic inflammation consistent with classic PCVAD. One vaccinated, dually inoculated pig had acute respiratory distress followed by death at 21 days postinfection. Lesions in this pig resembled the severe form of PCVAD observed in the field since the fall of 2004, suggesting a role of ruminant pestiviruses and/or vaccination in the development of this disease. In the second study, cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated with PCV-2b and a cytopathic strain of BVDV-1 (cpBVDV-NADL) either alone or in combination. Clinical signs of PCVAD were seen in a single animal inoculated only with PCV-2b. This pig had growth retardation followed by acute respiratory distress leading to death 30 days postinfection. Pulmonary lesions in this animal were similar to those seen in the pig that died in the first study. Infection with cpBVDV-NADL did not enhance PCV-2b replication or lesion formation.

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“…It has been demonstrated that a single pig can be infected with more than one strain of the TTSuV genera (Huang et al 2010, Gallei et al 2010, Leme et al 2013). This is probably because molecular variation in the TTSuV genomic sequences could lead to antigenic differences as a mechanism to avoid the host immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TTSuV is widely distributed in pig herds in a number of countries in Asia, Europe, and America (McKeown et al 2004, Niel et al 2005, Gallei et al 2010, Savic et al 2010, Pérez et al 2011, Leme et al 2012. TTSuV infection is found in both healthy and diseased pigs, and a number of studies have been performed to determine the importance of the virus and the role it plays in infectious diseases (Meng 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) infection at different stages of pig production cycle

Leme

Alfieri

2013

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33 (7) It has been demonstrated that TTSuV might increase the severity of other important viral diseases with economic and public health impacts. At present, there is no information on the age distribution of pigs infected with TTSuV in Brazilian herds. This study evaluated the frequency of TTSuV infection in pigs at different stages of production. Fecal samples (n=190) from pigs at 1 to 24 weeks of age and from breeders at 6 farrow-to-weaning (up to 8 weeks of age) and 9 grower-to-finish (9 weeks of age onwards) farms in the western region of Paraná state, Brazil, were evaluated by PCR. Fragments of the 5' UTRs of TTSuV1 and/or TTSuVk2 DNAs were identified in 126 (66.3%) of the fecal samples. Significant differences were found with the percentages of positive samples for TTSuV1, TTSuVk2, and mixed infections by both genera between and within the different pig production stages. Fecal samples from the grower-to-finish farms had TTSuV detection rates (90.1%; 64/71) that were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those from the farrow-to-weaning farms (52.1%; 62/119). TTSuV detection was significantly (p<0.05) more frequent in finisher pigs than in the animals from the other stages. The UTR nucleotide sequences in this study presented higher similarities to strains from Norway (96%, TTSuV1), and Argentina and China (97.1%, TTSuVk2). These results suggest that TTSuV infection has spread to pigs of all production stages and that the viral infection rate increases with the age of the animals. In the western region of Paraná state, Brazil, TTSuV1 and TTSuVk2-induced infections were more frequently observed in suckling piglets and finisher pigs, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis pointed out the possibility of different strains of TTSuV1 and TTSuVk2 circulating in pig herds of Brazil. há informações sobre a distribuição da infecção pelo TTSuV, de acordo com a faixa etária, em rebanhos suinícolas brasileiros. Este estudo avaliou a frequência da infecção pelo TTSuV nas diferentes categorias de produção de suí-nos. Amostras fecais (n=190) de suínos com 1 a 24 semanas de idade e de reprodutores provenientes 6 unidades produtoras de leitão (até 8 semanas de idade) e 9 unidades de terminação (9 semanas de idade em diante) da região oeste do Paraná, Brasil, foram avaliadas pela técnica de PCR. Fragmentos da região 5' UTR do DNA do TTSuV1 e/ ou TTSuVk2 foram identificados em 126 (66,3%) amostras fecais. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em relação às porcentagens de amostras positivas para o TTSuV1, Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33 (7)

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Porcine Torque teno virus: Determination of viral genomic loads by genogroup-specific multiplex rt-PCR, detection of frequent multiple infections with genogroups 1 or 2, and establishment of viral full-length sequences

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Preliminary epitope mapping of Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 putative capsid protein and serological detection of infection in pigs

Preliminary epitope mapping of Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 putative capsid protein and serological detection of infection in pigs

Experimental co-infection of pigs withBovine viral diarrhea virus 1andPorcine circovirus-2

Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) infection at different stages of pig production cycle

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