Pore pressure and explosive spalling in concrete

Phan, Long T.

doi:10.1617/s11527-008-9353-2

Cited by 148 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…A comparison between relative measured and relative predicted maximum pressures was carried out, on results from this experimental study [4] and from other researchers [5,6]. As shown in Figure 3, a strong correlation was observed between the relative measured and predicted maximum pressures from different researchers.…”

Section: Iwcs 2013mentioning

confidence: 74%

Prediction of fire spalling in fibre-reinforced high strength concrete

Bangi¹,

Horiguchi²

2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This paper presents results of a study which investigates spalling in small scale specimens of fibre-reinforced high strength concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. A relationship to predict relative maximum pressures was developed, which takes into account parameters such as concrete strength, fibre type and fibre geometry. Also, a blowtorch spalling test method was utilized to investigate spalling in small scale specimens, and a clear relationship between relative maximum pore pressures and spalling was observed.

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Section: Iwcs 2013mentioning

confidence: 74%

Prediction of fire spalling in fibre-reinforced high strength concrete

Bangi¹,

Horiguchi²

2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…The application of the PBCs is natural and straightforward. For all nodes with the same x 1 and x 3 coordinates on faces 3 and 4 and the same x 2 and x 3 coordinates on faces 5 and 6, the degree of freedom vectors, u 3 and u 4 and u 5 and u 6 , respectively, are constrained such that, where the degree of freedom vector on face i is , with u 1 , u 2 , and u 3 being the nodal displacements in the x 1 , x 2 , and x 3 directions, respectively, u T being the nodal temperature, and u P being the nodal pore pressure. The resulting deformation, temperature, and pressure patterns on opposite faces of the model are thus, identical.…”

Section: Mesoscale Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments on high-performance concretes (HPCs) have demonstrated that the build-up of internal pore pressure along with other factors lead to explosive spallation [3,4]. It is postulated that the thermal expansion of liquid and gaseous water and their transport towards the inner part of specimens play a significant role in the build-up of gas pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This occurs through a quasi-saturated layer that precedes the drying front and acts as a moisture clog. Internal measurements show that pore pressures reached prior to spall in HPCs range from 1 MPa to 5 MPa [3,4] which are on the order of the tensile strength of the materials. This behavior is observed at temperatures of approximately 200-270°C, which are reached in the first 20 minutes of fire exposure [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Physics Modeling of Fire-Induced Damage in High-Performance Concrete

Lammi¹,

Zhou²

2014

The International Journal of Multiphysics

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“…Compared with normal strength concrete (NSC), high strength or high performance concrete (HPC) makes it difficult for internal water vapor to escape out. This is due to its dense internal structure and low permeability, resulting in much greater internal pressure [5]. Therefore, the explosive spalling that is a totally different phenomenon compared to that NSC experiences [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of various concrete after high temperature exposure Mechanical property of various types of concrete after high temperature exposure is investigated. Considering compressive strength requirement for a vertical element in high rise building, concrete specimens with various design strengths of 35, 80, 100, and 150 MPa were tested. Particularly, the influence of incorporated steel fiber on fire resistance is of interest in this study. Experimental results show that the fire resistance de

2017

IJLTET

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INTRODUCTIONIt is generally known that the mechanical performance decreases when a concrete is exposed to high temperatures. In particular, the reduction of the performance becomes more pronounced with a higher strength, and even a brittle failure such as explosion may occur. This type of failure, known as explosive spalling, is due to the sudden splitting of concrete into numerous pieces at high temperature [1,2]. When a concrete is exposed to high temperature, various types of internal water (free water, capillary water, and adsorbed water) are desorbed or evaporated and converted into vapor or gas [3]. This gas, whose volume has been significantly expanded, increases the internal water vapor pressure and eventually cracks the concrete [4]. Compared with normal strength concrete (NSC), high strength or high performance concrete (HPC) makes it difficult for internal water vapor to escape out. This is due to its dense internal structure and low permeability, resulting in much greater internal pressure [5]. Therefore, the explosive spalling that is a totally different phenomenon compared to that NSC experiences [3]. Phan and Carino reported that this type of spalling occurs between 200-325 °C [6]. The structural elements of high-rise buildings or skyscrapers are typically made of various types of concrete to effectively resist self-weight and wind load. In particular, vertical elements such as columns can have different compressive strengths in the range of 30-150 MPa depending on their vertical position. In other words, as a vertical load applied to the elements increases, the design compressive strength should be increased unless the cross-section area is increased. Moreover, in the case of high or ultra-high strength concrete, whose design strength is 80 MPa or higher, steel fiber is frequently included to alleviate its brittle failure characteristic. Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate the structural safety of fire-exposed high-rise buildings, the mechanical performance of concrete with various strengths at high temperatures should be firstly investigated. In this study, the mechanical properties of concrete after high temperature exposure were investigated. The compressive strength and spalling characteristics of concrete of various design strengths (35, 80, 100 and 150 MPa) were evaluated by experiments. In addition, the effect of incorporated steel fiber on the fire resistance was examined. The results of this study can contribute to assess structural safety or to develop guidelines of fire resistance for high-rise buildings.

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Pore pressure and explosive spalling in concrete

Cited by 148 publications

References 1 publication

Prediction of fire spalling in fibre-reinforced high strength concrete

Prediction of fire spalling in fibre-reinforced high strength concrete

Multi-Physics Modeling of Fire-Induced Damage in High-Performance Concrete

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