“…42,47 Only hard template-based approaches (e.g., using polystyrene spheres, or silica templates) have been used to prepare porous LiNbO 3 particles with a demonstrated control over their porosity and dimensions of their pores. [48][49][50] These approaches can result in the inclusion of impurities, collapse of the porous structures, and other non-uniformities in the product, as well as aggregation of the resulting particles following the removal of the template material. We sought an alternative approach to these methods.…”