Pork with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers LDL cholesterol in women

Stewart, Jeanne W; Kaplan, Murray L.; Beitz, Donald C.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.2.179

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Few studies investigated the health effects of livestock products. The nutritional composition of monogastric animal source foods has been shown to be sensitive to feeding practices (26), and this may have an effect on health (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods: a systematic review

Dangour¹,

Lock²,

Hayter³

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

173

136

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Background: There is uncertainty over the nutrition-related benefits to health of consuming organic foods. Objective: We sought to assess the strength of evidence that nutrition-related health benefits could be attributed to the consumption of foods produced under organic farming methods. Design: We systematically searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, CAB Abstracts, and Embase between 1 January 1958 and 15 September 2008 (and updated until 10 March 2010; contacted subject experts; and hand-searched bibliographies. We included peer-reviewed articles with English abstracts if they reported a comparison of health outcomes that resulted from consumption of or exposure to organic compared with conventionally produced foodstuffs. Results: From a total of 98,727 articles, we identified 12 relevant studies. A variety of different study designs were used; there were 8 reports (67%) of human studies, including 6 clinical trials, 1 cohort study, and 1 cross-sectional study, and 4 reports (33%) of studies in animals or human cell lines or serum. The results of the largest study suggested an association of reported consumption of strictly organic dairy products with a reduced risk of eczema in infants, but the majority of the remaining studies showed no evidence of differences in nutrition-related health outcomes that result from exposure to organic or conventionally produced foodstuffs. Given the paucity of available data, the heterogeneity of study designs used, exposures tested, and health outcomes investigated, no quantitative meta-analysis was justified. Conclusion: From a systematic review of the currently available published literature, evidence is lacking for nutrition-related health effects that result from the consumption of organically produced foodstuffs.Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:203-10.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods: a systematic review

Dangour¹,

Lock²,

Hayter³

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

173

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lipids were extracted, extracts were dried under N 2 and saponified, and the fatty acids were methylesterified (30). Fatty acids were separated by GLC (41) and are presented as a percentage of total fatty acid content.…”

Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on sterol synthesis rates in adult and fetal tissues of the hamster: consequence of altered sterol balance

Schmid

Woollett

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Differential effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on sterol synthesis rates in adult and fetal tissues of the hamster: consequence of altered sterol balance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285: G796-G803, 2003;10.1152/ajpgi.00226.2003.-Cholesterol is necessary for the proper growth and development of the fetus. Consequently, disruptions in cholesterol biosynthesis lead to abnormal fetal development. It has been shown that in cells exposed to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the expressions of genes and activities of enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis are reduced. Similarly, we found that adult male hamsters fed PUFA-enriched diets had an Ϸ60% reduction in in vivo hepatic sterol synthesis rates. If fetal tissues respond to PUFA in the same manner as do adult livers, then maternal dietary PUFA could lead to a reduction in fetal sterol synthesis rates and possibly abnormal development. To investigate the impact of maternal dietary fatty acids on fetal sterol synthesis rates, female hamsters were fed diets enriched in various fatty acids before and throughout gestation. In vivo sterol synthesis rates were measured in fetuses at mid-and late gestation. At both gestational stages, dietary PUFA had no effect on fetal sterol synthesis rates. This lack of effect was not a consequence of a lack of PUFA enrichment in fetal fatty acids or the lack of PUFA receptor expression in the fetus. We hypothesize that the fetus may experience a dysregulation of sterol synthesis as the result of the fetus being in a negative sterol balance; the PUFA-induced suppression of sterol synthesis in the adult male hamster liver was ablated by creating a net negative sterol balance across the adult hepatocyte.

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“…For example, Stewart et al (2001) reported that pork containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowered low density lipoprotein cholesterol in women compared with pork with a more traditional fatty acid content. It has been recommended that fat in the human diet be made up of a polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) fatty acid ratio of 1:1 (Grundy et al 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance, carcass quality, meat quality and fatty acid composition of pigs fed diets

Lunen¹,

Hurnik²,

Jebelian³

2003

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Van Lunen, T. A., Hurnik, D. and Jebelian, V. 2003. Growth performance, carcass quality, meat quality and fatty acid composition of pigs fed diets containing extruded soybeans. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 45-52. Two hundred gilts and 200 barrows, housed within sex in pens of 25, were randomly allotted to two replications of four dietary treatments to determine the effects of incorporating 30, 20, 10 or 0% extruded soybeans (ESB), displacing a commercial protein supplement, in barley-based grower and finisher diets for pigs. Growth, feed intake and carcass quality of the pigs, and meat quality and fatty acid composition of the pork from a random subset of the pigs on test were determined. No sex × diet interactions were observed. ESB inclusion rate had no effect on growth rate; however, per-pen feed consumption decreased numerically with increasing ESB resulting in an improvement in feed efficiency. The 30% ESB inclusion rate increased carcass fat content (P < 0.05) compared with the control, whereas lean content was unaffected. Meat colour and marbling score were similar across all treatments whereas fat and lean firmness was reduced by the 30% ESB inclusion rate (P < 0.05) compared with all other treatments. Increasing ESB in the diet altered the fatty acid content of the pork by decreasing the amount of short-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and increasing the amount of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The results of this study indicate that ESB can be used as the sole source of supplemental protein in barley-based diets for pigs with no detrimental effects on performance and minimal negative effects on carcass and meat quality. Alteration of fatty acid content of pork from feeding ESB has both positive and negative implications for consumer acceptance by increasing PUFA content while concomitantly increasing the risk of premature oxidation. Dans cette optique, ils ont déterminé la croissance, la prise alimentaire et la qualité de la carcasse des animaux d'un sous-échantillon ainsi que la qualité de leur viande et sa composition en acides gras. Aucune interaction n'a été relevée entre le sexe et le régime. La proportion de soja extrudé n'agit pas sur le taux de croissance, mais en augmentant la quantité de soja extrudé dans la ration, on note un recul numérique de la consommation par enclos, signe qu'il y a amélioration de l'indice de consommation. La ration contenant 30 % de soja extrudé entraîne une hausse de la quantité de gras dans la carcasse (P < 0,05) comparativement au groupe témoin, sans que la proportion de viande maigre en soit affectée. La couleur de la viande et le persillé restent les mêmes, quel que soit le traitement, mais l'addition de 30 % de soja extrudé à la ration réduit la fermeté des tissus adipeux et musculaires (P < 0.05), comparativement aux autres traitements. La composition en acides gras de la viande se transforme à mesure que la quantité de soja extrudé augmente dans la ration. En effet, on remarque une baisse de la concentration d'acides gras saturés et m...

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Pork with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers LDL cholesterol in women

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods: a systematic review

Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods: a systematic review

Differential effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on sterol synthesis rates in adult and fetal tissues of the hamster: consequence of altered sterol balance

Growth performance, carcass quality, meat quality and fatty acid composition of pigs fed diets

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