Poro-viscoelastic constitutive modeling of unconfined creep of hydrogels using finite element analysis with integrated optimization method

Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Cryogels for Biomedical Applications

“…It has been shown to be a direct result of the part-solid and part-liquid biphasic structure [51]. This result is consistent with the model shown in Fig.…”

“…This explains the observed results that, as the concentration of PVA increases, the available water content decreases and the stress relaxation and creep effect decrease [23,51,53]. For the rate of stress relaxation, both Millon et al [45] and Wong [23] found that after 1 h the PVA-C had relaxed to 45 % of its initial value but the relaxation still continued.…”

Nanobiomechanics of living cells: a review

“…At a long-time scale, it is likely that the collective viscoelastic behaviour of the polymer-like materials inside cell and cytoskeleton dynamics governs the time-dependent behaviour of the cell. Therefore, a further improved model, poro-viscoelastic model presented in [77,[96][97][98] may be more appropriate. If the cell is exposed to an osmotic environment, then it passively swells or shrinks.…”

Experimental and numerical tribological studies of a boundary lubricant functionalized poro-viscoelastic PVA hydrogel in normal contact and sliding

“…The results suggested that the two phase mechanism that maintains a low friction response of cartilage is interstitial fluid pressurization along with deformation of the matrix material. Recently, the biphasic theory has been applied to hydrogel materials (Broom and Oloyede, 1998;Silva et al, 2005;Olberding and Suh, 2006;Chen et al 2007;Lei and Szeri, 2007;Liu et al, 2008;Liu and Ovaert, 2011). Initially, the solid matrix was primarily assumed to be linear elastic (Silva et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2007), however, this ignored the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer network (Flory, 1953).…”

“…Liu and Ovaert (2011) combined an inverse FE model with integrated optimization methods using a poro-viscoelastic three-element constitutive model to identify viscoelastic material parameters of hydrogels in combination with experimental creep tests. Olberding and Suh (2006) developed a finite element program using poro-viscoelasticity for identifying material parameters for hydrogels and soft tissues.…”