“…As presented in Fig. 6a, dealloying can be achieved through chemical etching, 3,[181][182][183][184][185][186] electrochemical processing, 181,[187][188][189][190] immersion in liquid metal, 181,[191][192][193] and solid-state stripping, 181,[194][195][196] as well as by vapor-thermal processing. 181,[197][198][199] The metal atoms in the primary alloy are changed into metallic ions by localized oxidation when nanoporous oxide materials are produced using dealloying procedures.…”