Porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, femoralis and humeralis in Medieval NW Spain

Mangas-Carrasco, Elvira; López-Costas, Olalla

doi:10.1007/s12520-021-01432-y

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This research also found an association between the presence of PSL and age at death. Cribra cranii was statistically significantly more frequent in older individuals (Figure 4), affirming the results of other studies (Gomes et al, 2022;Mangas-Carrasco & López-Costas, 2021;O'Donnell et al, 2023). Cribra cranii had the highest minimum age of expression (7 years) and peaked later than cribra orbitalia (12-16 years), cribra humeralis (3-5 and 12-16 years), and cribra femoralis (3-5 years).…”

Section: Age-related Associations With Pslssupporting

confidence: 89%

Using portable X‐ray fluorescence elemental analysis to explore porous skeletal lesions: Interplay of sex, age at death, and cause of death

Gomes,

Santos,

Catarino

2024

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesSearch for possible associations between bone elemental concentration and the presence of porous skeletal lesions (PSLs), considering the sex, age, and cause of death (COD) of the individuals.Materials and MethodsThe sample comprised 107 non‐adult individuals (56 females, 51 males) aged 0–20 (x̄ = 13.2, SD = 5.8) from the Coimbra and Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collections. Cribra cranii, orbitalia, humeralis, and femoralis were recorded as present/absent, and elemental concentrations were assessed by portable x‐ray fluorescence (pXRF). A multivariate statistical approach was applied.ResultsWell‐preserved skeletons with minimal diagenesis showed no sex‐related elemental variations or PSL associations. In contrast, age‐at‐death correlated with elevated Ca, P, Sr, and Pb levels. Cribra cranii increased with age while other cribra declined post‐adolescence. Higher concentrations of Fe and lower of S were linked to cribra cranii. Respiratory infections as COD increased the odds of expressing cribra femoralis (OR = 5.25, CI = 1.25–15.14), cribra cranii (OR = 2.91, CI = 0.97–8.69), and cribra orbitalia (OR = 2.76, CI = 1.06–7.24).DiscussionFeasible pXRF results and low cribra intraobserver error assure replicability. Elevated Ca, P, and Sr in older individuals may relate to skeletal growth, while increased Pb suggests bioaccumulation. Cribra's increase with age reflects different rates of marrow conversion and bone remodeling. Higher Fe and lower S in individuals with cribra cranii possibly reflects poor nutrition, early alcohol use, and sideroblastic anemia, aligning with 19th–20th‐century Portugal's living conditions. Respiratory infections increased cribra expression, revealing intricate interplays among inflammation, anemia(s), marrow expansion, and diet. This research highlights a complex scenario and blazes a new path for cribra interpretation.

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Section: Age-related Associations With Pslssupporting

confidence: 89%

Using portable X‐ray fluorescence elemental analysis to explore porous skeletal lesions: Interplay of sex, age at death, and cause of death

Gomes,

Santos,

Catarino

2024

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…Recent studies show that this lesion does not usually co‐occur with any other, pointing to a differentiated origin (Djurić et al, 2010; Erkelens, 2017; Rivera & Lahr, 2017; Walker et al, 2009). Aside from cribra cranii, cribra humeralis was seen to occur less often in the studied individuals, also suggesting a distinctive etiological process (Mangas‐Carrasco & López‐Costas, 2021; Miquel‐Feucht et al, 1999; Schats, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Nonetheless, it is worth mentioning the works of Schats (2021) that found higher frequencies (81.1%) of cribra femoralis in non‐adults from the Netherlands ( N = 53); Erkelens (2017), also from the Netherlands, that reported lower frequencies (56.3%), and Djurić et al (2008) that detected frequency of 83.3% in a non‐adult Serbian sample ( N = 567). Schats (2021) found that both cribra orbitalia and postcranial lesions were significantly more common in young individuals when compared with adults, whereas other investigations suggest otherwise (e.g., Djurić et al, 2008; Mangas‐Carrasco & López‐Costas, 2021). Physiologically, the red marrow of long bones begins its conversion to yellow marrow in the diaphysis and finishes in the proximal metaphysis (Brickley, 2018), where it can be found active even in adulthood (Richardson & Patten, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cribra orbitalia, even without statistical significance, shows a similar trend. The literature on cribra femoralis is very limited (Mangas‐Carrasco & López‐Costas, 2021). Nonetheless, it is worth mentioning the works of Schats (2021) that found higher frequencies (81.1%) of cribra femoralis in non‐adults from the Netherlands ( N = 53); Erkelens (2017), also from the Netherlands, that reported lower frequencies (56.3%), and Djurić et al (2008) that detected frequency of 83.3% in a non‐adult Serbian sample ( N = 567).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency and co‐occurrence of porous skeletal lesions in identified non‐adults from Portugal (19th to 20th centuries) and its association with respiratory infections as cause of death

Gomes

Petit

Dutour

et al. 2022

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Porous skeletal lesions (PSL) have been reported in scientific literature since the 19th century, yet their etiology(ies) remains a complex issue under debate. The aim of this study is twofold: evaluate the frequency, co-occurrence, and association of PSL with biological sex and age at death and examine possible relationships between the presence/absence of PSL with the known cause of death (COD). Fifty-six non-adult skeletons from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (19th to 20th centuries) were evaluated. Lesion presence/absence was recorded macroscopically without previous knowledge of the biographic data. Forty-nine individuals (87.5%) presented at least one type of PSL, and cribra femoralis was the most frequent (n = 39), followed by orbitalia (n = 26), humeralis (n = 15), and cranii (n = 6). Porous skeletal lesions affected males and females equally, and younger individuals presented a significantly higher frequency of cribra femoralis. Even without statistical significance, the cooccurrence of cribra orbitalia, humeralis, and femoralis was common, as described in the "cribrous syndrome" where it is advocated a shared etiology for these lesions, based on macroscopic, microscopic, and radiological features. Individuals with a COD as respiratory infection, particularly pulmonary tuberculosis, exhibited a higher risk of expressing cribra orbitalia. The results of this investigation suggest an influence of age and infectious diseases in the expression of PSL, impacting the bioarchaeological interpretations. There is a need for further research in clinical, autopsy, and identified skeletal collection samples to further understand co-occurrence, comorbidity, and possible frailty related to PSL.

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“…Bioapatite was extracted following Garvie-Lok et al (2014) at the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela in the clean-lab facilities of the research group EcoPast (for summary see López- Costas et al 2021). Both bioapatite quality and absence of organic material were tested using FTIR-ATR (Agilient Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer), as well, at the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.…”

Section: Sex and Age Estimation And Demographic Pro Lementioning

confidence: 99%

Biting into the Truth: Connecting oral pathology and stable isotopes through the paradigmatic example of a hyper-specialized marine diet in Medieval Pontevedra (NW Iberia)

Veiga-Rilo,

López-Costas

2023

Preprint

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Human feeding patterns have been reconstructed in Archaeology by analysing either oral pathology or stable isotope ratios in human skeletal remains. However, no clear agreement has been developed between these two methodologies. The main objective of this study is to determine if we can establish a link between them when analysing a population with a hyper-specialized diet, in this case marine resources. To reach this goal we developed a conjoined multi-isotope analysis in collagen and bioapatite (δ13Ccol, δ15Ncol, δ13Ccar and δ18Ocar) and a detailed study of oral health (caries, antemortem loss, periapical lesions, periodontal disease, calculus, and wear). All available skeletons with at least one preserved tooth from two cemeteries of the medieval town of Pontevedra (n = 34) were researched. The buried individuals belonged to the guild of fishers and artisans, professions which were dominant among the families of medieval Pontevedra. The evidence of δ18Ocar indicates that most people seem to have local origins. The diet was based on marine fish protein with contributions of millets (e.g. δ13Ccar -11.87 ± 1.79‰) that seems to be slightly higher in individuals linked to artisanal guilds. Oral pathology study shows severe dental wear from an early age, including hypercementosis due to compensatory eruption, as well as moderate-high presence of caries and dental calculus. Both the oral pathology and the isotopic signal differ from that observed in other areas of the Iberian Peninsula. This study points to the existence of connections between findings of the two methodologies, and specifically an association between intense dental wear and high consumption of marine resources. At the same time, this analysis implies the necessity of caution in estimation of age by dental wear in populations linked to the sea.

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Porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, femoralis and humeralis in Medieval NW Spain

Cited by 14 publications

References 82 publications

Using portable X‐ray fluorescence elemental analysis to explore porous skeletal lesions: Interplay of sex, age at death, and cause of death

Using portable X‐ray fluorescence elemental analysis to explore porous skeletal lesions: Interplay of sex, age at death, and cause of death

Frequency and co‐occurrence of porous skeletal lesions in identified non‐adults from Portugal (19th to 20th centuries) and its association with respiratory infections as cause of death

Biting into the Truth: Connecting oral pathology and stable isotopes through the paradigmatic example of a hyper-specialized marine diet in Medieval Pontevedra (NW Iberia)

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