Porous 3D Scaffolds Enhance MSC Vitality and Reduce Osteoclast Activity

Abstract

In the context of an aging population, unhealthy Western lifestyle, and the lack of an optimal surgical treatment, deep osteochondral defects pose a great challenge for the public health system. Biodegradable, biomimetic scaffolds seem to be a promising solution. In this study we investigated the biocompatibility of porous poly-((D,L)-lactide-ε-caprolactone)dimethacrylate (LCM) scaffolds in contrast to compact LCM scaffolds and blank cell culture plastic. Thus, morphology, cytotoxicity and metabolic activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) seeded directly on the materials were analyzed after three and six days of culturing. Further, osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic activity were assessed using reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR of osteoclast-specific genes, EIA and morphologic aspects after four, eight, and twelve days. LCM scaffolds did not display cytotoxic effects on MSC. After three days, metabolic activity of MSC was enhanced on 3D porous scaffolds (PS) compared to 2D compact scaffolds (CS). Osteoclast activity seemed to be reduced at PS compared to cell culture plastic at all time points, while no differences in osteoclastogenesis were detectable between the materials. These results indicate a good cytocompatibility of LCM scaffolds. Interestingly, porous 3D structure induced higher metabolic activity of MSC as well as reduced osteoclast activity.

Silicon–Gold Nanoparticles Affect Wharton’s Jelly Phenotype and Secretome during Tri-Lineage Differentiation

“…Limited data are available on pro-or anti-inflammatory properties of NPs in MSC cultures. As indirectly shown, NPs are more likely to induce anti-inflammatory responses [16,17].…”

“…In spite of a sufficient amount of data being accumulated, the mechanisms of NP mediated effects on MSC differentiation have been poorly studied. There are several papers showing that autophagy, synthesis of chemokines, or induction of pro-inflammatory responses can be involved [13][14][15][16][17]. Limited data are available on pro-or anti-inflammatory properties of NPs in MSC cultures.…”

Bone Dimensional Change Following Immediate Implant Placement in Posterior Teeth with CBCT: A 6-Month Prospective Clinical Study

“…At present, various polymeric materials have been applied for the tissue engineering and regeneration of tissues including bone by reducing osteoclastic activity [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Various natural polymers such as alginate, cellulose, chitosan, gelatin, fibrin, collagen, laminin, decellularized extracellular matrix, and hyaluronic acid, as well as synthetic polymers including polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, poly (ethylene glycol), and Zwitterionic polymers, can be used for tissue regeneration [ 37 , 40 ].…”

Treatment and application of stem cells from different sources for cartilage injury: a literature review

“…The microspace is constructed by scaffold material that can maintain a certain concentration of growth factors and oxygen and provide space for cell growth. The scaffold material and its properties such as porosity (32), stiffness, mechanical force, and biodegradability (33) will affect the regeneration of cartilage tissue. Therefore, in tissue engineering, growth factors and scaffolds usually combine cells to form a 3D complex for tissue regeneration.…”