Porous A‐SnO₂/rGO Nanocomposite via Annealing Treatment with Stable High‐Capacity as Anode of Lithium‐Ion Battery

Abstract

Porous tin oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite is prepared by in situ growth tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles on the surface of well reduced graphene oxide (rGO) under hydrothermal condition followed by annealing treatment. The SnO2 nanoparticles are crystallized and uniform with the sizes of about 4–8 nm, the rGO matrix is constructed by 7–8 monosheets of graphene, and there are C−O‐Sn bonds between the SnO2 and rGO matrix. The resultant A‐SnO2/rGO (annealed SnO2 and rGO) nanocomposite has a large specific surface area of 161.8 m2 g−1 with the pore size distribution mainly in the micropore and small mesopore ranges (1‐11 nm). Used as the anode of lithium ion battery, the A‐SnO2/rGO electrode may deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 1871.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, presenting its large specific capacity property. When the current density enhances to 5 C, a good discharge capacity of 262.2 mAh g−1 can be obtained, showing its superior rate capability. A fascinating large discharge capacity of 885.2 mAh g−1 may be obtained after 150 cycles at 0.1 C and a discharge capacity of 414.2 mAh g−1 can be gotten after 300 cycles at 1 C, indicating its excellent cyclic stability.

Synergistic Effect of In Doped ZnO/rGO Anode Material for Rechargeable Zn‐Ni Secondary Battery with High Specific Capacity

“…After that, due to the increase of OH − ions in the solution, the precipitate of Zn(OH) 2 will generally dissolve and react with OH − , CO 3 2− and H 2 O in solution to form the Zn 4 (CO 3 )(OH) 6 ⋅ H 2 O precursor . Meanwhile, the Zn 4 (CO 3 )(OH) 6 ⋅ H 2 O precursor will be adsorbed to the surface of the Graphene Oxide (GO) as a result of the interaction between the Zn in Zn 4 (CO 3 )(OH) 6 ⋅ H 2 O precursor and the oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of GO . Finally, the sample of In doped ZnO/rGO was obtained after hydrothermal reaction and calcination treatment.…”

“…Differently, the In doped ZnO nanoparticles are anchored on the surface of the reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) as shown in Figure a and b. The C−O−Zn bond (generated in calcination process) between the ZnO and rGO matrix can ensure the ZnO generated after discharge are kept inside of Zn electrode instead of being dissolved in electrolyte due to the anchoring effect of graphene, thereby reducing the shape deformation and zinc dendrite growth caused by uneven deposition of Zn during charge . Additionally, larger specific surface areas 103.6 m 2 /g can be obtained through such structure, thence being convenient for the full contact with the electrolyte and shorten the ion transmission path.…”

Fe-doped α-MnO2/rGO cathode material for zinc ion batteries with long lifespan and high areal capacity

“…GO was prepared from natural graphite powders by a modified Hummers' method. 30,31 Typically, 0.507 g MnSO 4 ·H 2 O and 0.0485 g Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O were added to 50 mL deionized water with 1 mmol H 2 SO 4 dissolved, accompanied by stirring for 5 min. Then, 0.316 g KMnO 4 was dispersed into 20 mL deionized water and then added dropwise to the mixed solution mentioned above within a few minutes under vigorous stirring.…”