Porous carbon nanosheets: Synthetic strategies and electrochemical energy related applications

He, Yong; Zhuang, Xiaodong; Lei, Chaojun; Lei, Lecheng; Hou, Yang; Mai, Yiyong; Feng, Xinliang

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2018.12.004

Cited by 392 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…There are also some porous carbon fabrication strategies that use self‐generated porogens,169 which we henceforth designate as self‐template methods. In this section, we discuss the strategies used to fabricate porous carbon materials by directly carbonizing the self‐templated materials,170 such as ethylenediamine tetraacetates (EDTA)‐based salts,171,172 glycolates,173 MOFs174 and their derivatives,175 biomass‐based organic salts,176 as well as other special self‐templated organic materials.…”

Section: Self‐template Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2020

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Supercapacitors (SCs) have experienced a significant increase in research activity and commercialization during the past few decades. As the primary and most important electrode active material for commercial SCs, porous carbon is produced at an industrial‐scale through traditional carbonization‐activation strategies. Nevertheless, commercial porous carbon materials have some disadvantages such as high production cost, corrosion of equipment, and emission of toxic gases and byproduct pollutants during production. In recent years, huge efforts have been made to develop novel synthesis strategies for porous carbon materials. This review focuses on the pore formation mechanisms in traditional carbonization‐activation methods, emerging activation methods, template methods, self‐template methods, and novel emerging methods for the synthesis of porous carbons for SCs. Strategies developed so far for the synthesis of porous carbon materials are summarized. The mechanisms and recent advances for each strategy are reviewed. Furthermore, future directions and synthesis strategies for porous carbons are proposed.

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Section: Self‐template Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2020

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“…The structural changes can be attributed to thermodynamically more stable state of the nanoplates for the obtained materials. The nanoplates morphology is believed of advantage for lithium ion storage because of its high surface exposure to the electrolyte and reduced lithium diffusion distance . By adjusting the addition amount of sulfur during the annealing process, Fe 3 O 4 /C or Fe 7 S 8 /C nanoplates can be obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nanoplates morphology is believed of advantage for lithium ion storage because of its high surface exposure to the electrolyte and reduced lithium diffusion distance. [24] By adjusting the addition amount of sulfur during the annealing process, Fe 3 O 4 /C or Fe 7 S 8 /C nanoplates can be obtained. As indicated by Scheme 1b, the uniform sulfur-doped carbon coating layer can improve the electronic conductivity and structural stability of the composite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur‐Doped Carbon‐Wrapped Heterogeneous Fe₃O₄/Fe₇S₈/C Nanoplates as Stable Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Chen

Kong

Xie

et al. 2019

Batteries & Supercaps

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High‐capacity electrode materials have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage systems. However, the large volume expansion always causes breakdown of electrode materials and capacity fading. In this work, we report the preparation of heterogeneous Fe3O4/Fe7S8/C nanoplates with a high lithium diffusion coefficient and excellent lithium storage performance. The heterogeneous nanoplates can be derived from Fe‐MOF octahedra during the sulfidation process. As an anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the Fe3O4/Fe7S8/C composite exhibits higher specific capacity and better rate capability than Fe3O4/C and Fe7S8/C counterparts. The Fe3O4/Fe7S8/C nanoplates deliver a reversible capacity of 859 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. Even at 2 A g−1, a capacity of 549 mA h g−1 can still be remained. The good performances are attributed to the small nanocrystallites, high surface area, and the heterogeneous phase boundaries. The strategy can be potentially applied to other metal oxide/metal sulfide composite phases or even bimetallic sulfides and bimetal oxides for high performance lithium‐ion batteries.

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“…[24] The small crystalline domains can be further proved to be polycrystalline through corresponding fast Fourier transformation (FFT) pattern ( Figure S5, Supporting Information). [38] The thermal expansion process under 250 °C had successfully realized the structure of nanoparticles confined in porous carbon nanosheets. [38] The thermal expansion process under 250 °C had successfully realized the structure of nanoparticles confined in porous carbon nanosheets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[35] Herein, we report an effective and versatile method to generate bifunctional NCMs by tailored thermal expansion process. [38] [36,37] Our synthetic strategy involves: i) under the catalysis of iron ions, precursors can be rapidly converted into thermal stable NCMs accompanied by a sustained and intense escape of gas, and thus avoid the excessive oxidation during the heating process; and ii) the iron ions are transformed into Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and evenly embedded in the NCMs due to the reducibility of carbon (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe₃O₄/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrodes from Tailored Thermal Expansion toward Flexible Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors

Jia

Shao

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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template-assisted carbonizations, [5,6] electrochemistry deposition, [7] spontaneous gas-foaming, [8] "gel-blowing," [9] "Pharaoh's snakes" reaction, [10] and nanocasting have been developed, and allowing different types of NCMs synthesis from various organic precursors. [11] Although it is possible to obtain desired NCMs with tailored structures and properties by carefully selecting specific procedures, [12] these processes always suffer from removing a template and multi-step operation. [13] Thus, novel strategies to one-pot synthesizing multilevel heteroatom-doped NCMs are still being urgently desired. [14] Advanced NCMs would be potentially promising for supercapacitors (SCs) applications because of the unique structural advantages, [15] such as a large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity. [16] Especially, with the increasing interests in mobile electronics, portable electronic devices, electronic textiles, and skins, highly flexible, and safe energy storage devices with high energy and power densities maintain a growing demand. [17] NCMbased SCs can bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and cells, have been widely used in various areas due to their rapid energy transfer, long cycle life, sustained stability, and a wide range of working temperatures. [18] Moreover, after combination of transition metal compounds (TMCs) including metal oxides (e.g., MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuO), [19] metal sulfides (MoS 2 ), [20] metal nitrides (e.g., TiN, Fe 2 N), [21] metal-organic frameworks, [22] and metal hydroxide (e.g., Ni(OH) 2 ), [23] the key faradic capacitance of NCM electrodes can be prominently enhanced. Among the TMCs, ferroferric oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) is particularly promising since: [24] 1) a higher conductivity than other TMCs (σ = 2 × 10 4 S m −1 ); 2) a relatively low potential and a high theoretical capacity (≈346.5 mAh g −1 ) on the basis of the possible variation of iron's valence states (Fe 3+ ↔ Fe 0 ) in alkaline aqueous solution, which can deliver large voltage windows (≤−1.3 V vs Ag/AgCl) and high pseudocapacitance attributions; 3) ecofriendliness during the synthesis process, natural abundance, and compatibility. For instance, Fe 3 O 4 -carbon nanosheets, [25] graphene-wrapped Fe 3 O 4 , [26] rGO-encapsulated Fe 3 O 4 nanocube, [27] graphene aerogel-supported Fe 3 O 4 , [28,29] carbon nanotube/cubic Fe 3 O 4 , [30] and Fe 3 O 4 /activated carbon [31] have been designed to achieve high electrochemical performance. [32] Although the Transition metal oxide and heteroatoms doped carbon are promising in high performance energy storage upon complete redox reaction. Herein, nanoparticle-embedded carbon nanosheets are fabricated by a one-pot tailored thermally expansion of viscous precursors. The obtained biomass carbon exhibits ideal surface area, crystal structures, and heteroatom doping. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the constituent components, this composite electrode reaches a high potential window of 1.1 V and delivers a good specific capacitance of 522.7 F g −1 in aqueou...

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Porous carbon nanosheets: Synthetic strategies and electrochemical energy related applications

Cited by 392 publications

References 164 publications

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Sulfur‐Doped Carbon‐Wrapped Heterogeneous Fe₃O₄/Fe₇S₈/C Nanoplates as Stable Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Fe₃O₄/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrodes from Tailored Thermal Expansion toward Flexible Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors

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Porous carbon nanosheets: Synthetic strategies and electrochemical energy related applications

Cited by 392 publications

References 164 publications

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Sulfur‐Doped Carbon‐Wrapped Heterogeneous Fe3O4/Fe7S8/C Nanoplates as Stable Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Fe3O4/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrodes from Tailored Thermal Expansion toward Flexible Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors

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Sulfur‐Doped Carbon‐Wrapped Heterogeneous Fe₃O₄/Fe₇S₈/C Nanoplates as Stable Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Fe₃O₄/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrodes from Tailored Thermal Expansion toward Flexible Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors