Porous ceramic membranes for direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cells

Passalacqua, E.; Freni, S.; Barone, F.; Patti, Antonio F.

doi:10.1016/s0167-577x(96)00141-3

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…10a and b) following 5 and 100 h exposure to the electrolyte vapor found evidence of solid electrolytes that could have condensed from the vapor and become physically trapped on the zeolite surface [9]. The composition along the core-shell catalysts was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and plotted in Fig.…”

Section: Alkali-resistance Of Core-shell Catalysts For Methane Steam mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the alkalis poison the catalyst and researches show that alkalis in the electrolyte can reach the catalyst by liquid creep or vapor [8]. This can be prevented by separating the catalyst and the anode chamber with ceramic barriers [9,10] and metal foils [11]. There are also significant efforts in developing alkali-resistant catalysts including Ru/ZrO 2 [12] and Ni catalysts supported on alkali-resistant ␥-LiAlO 2 [13], MgO-TiO 2 [14] and MgO-Al 2 O 3 [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of core (Ni base)–shell (Silicalite-1) catalysts and their application for alkali resistance in direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

Zhang

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Alkali-resistance Of Core-shell Catalysts For Methane Steam mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of core (Ni base)–shell (Silicalite-1) catalysts and their application for alkali resistance in direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

Zhang

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

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“…A protective shield was inserted between the anode and the catalysts to protect the catalysts from alkali attack. This shield which was pervious only to hydrogen and not to alkali was made of a porous plate, foil, ceramic and membrane [15][16][17][18]. A third attempt began recently in the 2000s, and was directed at finding new optimum operating conditions of the DIR-MCFC in order to reduce alkali poisoning as much as possible.…”

Section: Reaction At Dir-mcfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon deposition and alkali poisoning at each point of the reforming catalysts in DIR-MCFC

Wee

Lee

2005

J Appl Electrochem

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The extent of local carbon deposition and alkali poisoning of the reforming catalysts in a unit cell (5 Â 5 cm) of a direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell was examined. The catalysts in the catalyst bed were sampled from 25 points individually after the unit cell had been operated for both 24 and 100 h, and the amount of carbon, alkali poisoning were then analyzed. There was little difference in the amount of carbon deposition and alkali poisoning with respect to the direction of the cathode gas. They were only dependent on the direction of the anode gas. After 24 h, the amount of carbon deposited on the catalysts loaded in the front region, and the extent of alkali poisoning in the catalysts loaded in the rear region were relatively higher than those of any other regions. After 100 h, the amount of carbon deposition in the catalysts loaded in the front region was still the highest and the amount of alkali poisoning increased rapidly. Meanwhile, relatively low carbon deposition rate and the small increase in alkali poisoning were observed in the catalysts loaded in the rear region. Therefore, the rate of alkali poisoning of the catalyst in the rear region was much slower than those in any other region. These results for catalyst poisoning were explained by a simulation of the unit cell, which was performed to determine the temperature profiles and the extent of the reaction at each point of the unit cell. The simulation showed that the catalysts in the front region treated 90 mol% of the initial methane flow, and the temperature was the lowest at this region. Therefore, the catalysts in this region had the highest level of carbon deposition and the rate of alkali poisoning was faster than that of the catalysts in the other regions. This simulation also explained the reasons for the relatively low level of carbon deposition in the rear region, as well as the relatively high rate of alkali poisoning from the start and the low rate of alkali poisoning in the rear region.

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“…Shields of S i c and other ceramic membranes have been developed that minimize the poisoning effect of the electrolyte (Passalaqua et al, 1996). Since deposition of these salts can result in catalyst deactivation, some scrubbing of the alkali carbonates is designed into the process loop.…”

Section: Molten Carbonate Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production and Fuel Cells: Catalyst Technology

Bartholomew

Farrauto²

2005

Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes

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Porous ceramic membranes for direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Preparation of core (Ni base)–shell (Silicalite-1) catalysts and their application for alkali resistance in direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

Preparation of core (Ni base)–shell (Silicalite-1) catalysts and their application for alkali resistance in direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

Carbon deposition and alkali poisoning at each point of the reforming catalysts in DIR-MCFC

Hydrogen Production and Fuel Cells: Catalyst Technology

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