Porous Ceramic Sensors: Hydrocarbon Gas Leaks Detection

Abstract

According to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), a sensor is a device which provides a usable output in response to a specified measurement of a physical quantity converted into a signal suitable for processing (e.g., optical, electrical, or mechanical signals). On the other hand, porous ceramic materials play an important role as sensor materials, because by selecting a suitable base ceramic material for the intended use and then adjusting their overall porosity, pore size distribution, and pore shape, they can cover different applications such as liquid-gas filters, insulators, catalytic supports, mixed of gases separators and sensors, among others. In addition, they have controlled permeability, high melting point, high superficial area, high corrosion and wear resistance, low expansion coefficient, tailored electronic properties, etc. Currently, a few niche areas demand sensors for compact electronic device design, e.g., leak inspections for oil and gas dispositive, flammable and/or toxic gas detection in waste storage areas and confined spaces, hydrocarbons and their associated gas detection at low temperatures and high humidity conditions, among others. In this chapter, the advances in porous ceramic production for hydrocarbons and associated gas detection will be presented and discussed.

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and demonstration of their antagonistic properties against selected dental caries promoting bacteria

“…[29][30][31] These studies provide compelling evidence regarding metal oxide nanoparticles and their suitability for addressing the challenge of bacterial infections. 32 These TiO 2 Nps depicted significant antimicrobial activity against various bacteria because of modification in temperature employed for their synthesis because 'synthesis protocols' are considered responsible for biological properties such as biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity which are considered as the sole requirement for their usage in clinical dentistry.…”

Ceramic Sensors: A mini-review of their applications

“…Xie et al (2018) demonstrated flexible and active shear and pressure sensors using lead zirconate titanate that measure strain, acceleration, and touch sensors that detect longitudinal, transverse, and shear loads. Perara-Mercado et al (2018) reported a porous ceramic sensor for hydrocarbon gas leak detection. They reported the importance of porous ceramic as a material for sensors.…”

“…Reports indicate that the most common porous materials consist of 31% SnO2(tin oxide), 23% In2O3(indium oxide), and 18%ZnO(zinc oxide), which can sense hydrocarbon gases such as LPG, CH4, H2, NO2, C2H6O, CH 3 OH, (CH3)2O, H2S, CO, C7H8, etc. (Perara-Mercado et al, 2018).…”