Porous g-C3N4 with defects for the efficient dye photodegradation under visible light

Chen, Jing; Zhang, Yage; Wu, Baofan; Ning, Zhichao; Song, Ming; Zhang, Haifeng; Sun, Xuzhuo; Wan, Dongjin; Li, Bo

doi:10.2166/wst.2021.313

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The optical properties of the produced materials were investigated by UV-VIS absorption and PL spectroscopies ( Figure 9 ). As observed in Figure 9 a, pure g-C 3 N 4 shows an absorption maximum at around 384 nm (3.23 eV), arising from the n → π* transitions caused by the electron transfer from a nitrogen non-bonding orbital to an aromatic anti-bonding orbital [ 100 , 101 ], and an absorption onset at ca. 450 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C3N4/TiO2 Photocatalysts

et al. 2023

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The preparation of visible-light-driven photocatalysts has become highly appealing for environmental remediation through simple, fast and green chemical methods. The current study reports the synthesis and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride/titanium dioxide (g-C3N4/TiO2) heterostructures through a fast (1 h) and simple microwave-assisted approach. Different g-C3N4 amounts mixed with TiO2 (15, 30 and 45 wt. %) were investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of a recalcitrant azo dye (methyl orange (MO)) under solar simulating light. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the anatase TiO2 phase for the pure material and all heterostructures produced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that by increasing the amount of g-C3N4 in the synthesis, large TiO2 aggregates composed of irregularly shaped particles were disintegrated and resulted in smaller ones, composing a film that covered the g-C3N4 nanosheets. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses confirmed the existence of an effective interface between a g-C3N4 nanosheet and a TiO2 nanocrystal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evidenced no chemical alterations to both g-C3N4 and TiO2 at the heterostructure. The visible-light absorption shift was indicated by the red shift in the absorption onset through the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectra. The 30 wt. % of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructure showed the best photocatalytic performance, with a MO dye degradation of 85% in 4 h, corresponding to an enhanced efficiency of almost 2 and 10 times greater than that of pure TiO2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets, respectively. Superoxide radical species were found to be the most active radical species in the MO photodegradation process. The creation of a type-II heterostructure is highly suggested due to the negligible participation of hydroxyl radical species in the photodegradation process. The superior photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergy of g-C3N4 and TiO2 materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C3N4/TiO2 Photocatalysts

et al. 2023

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“…It is to be noted that a porous g-C 3 N 4 catalyst prepared by a facile two-step method in a previous study showed good stability over three cycles of photodegradation of the dyes MO and Rh B. 51 Also, a g-C 3 N 4 composite with TiO 2 was used as a photocatalyst to degrade Rh B and MB, with the reported efficiency ranging from 96% to 88% and 95% to 85%, respectively, after 4 runs of recycling the photocatalyst. 52 Also, when g-C 3 N 4 was used with CeVO 4 as a composite photocatalyst in recycling experiments, MB dye was degraded by 98.2% in the first cycle and then the efficiency was reduced to 92.37% in the fourth cycle; this reduced efficiency was attributed to the physical loss of the catalyst and some adsorbed dye molecules on the catalyst.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Activity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The photocatalytic process occurs with the assistance of active radicals produced by these photochemical reactions. Radicals, such as ˙O 2 − , e − , h + , and ˙OH are usually responsible for the dye degradation; 51,52 however, not all radicals contribute equally to the degradation. Therefore, the dominant contribution from the particular species can be found via scavenger tests, which is simply the regular photocatalysis experiment but with the addition of scavenger molecules to the reactant solution.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Activity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride synthesized via pyrolysis for environmental remediation: a detailed experimental analysis with different parametric optimizations

Ilakiya,

Keerthana,

Ponpandian

et al. 2024

New J. Chem.

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“…The p-C 3 N 4 exhibited a narrow band gap for promoting visible light utilization as compared with g-C 3 N 4 . p-C 3 N 4 degraded 90% of the MO dye in 90 min, which was sufficiently higher than the activity of g-C 3 N 4 (only 19% after 90 min) under visible light [ 129 ]. Similarly, the results discussed in the doping section about the P and S-co-doped g-C 3 N 4 indicate that P and S co-doping causes defects in the sample structure.…”

Section: Crystal Phase Control and Defects Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

g-C3N4 Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Industrial effluents containing dyes are the dominant pollutants, making the drinking water unfit. Among the dyes, methylene orange (MO) dye is mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, its removal from water bodies through effective and economical approach is gaining increased attention in the last decades. Photocatalytic degradation has the ability to convert economically complex dye molecules into non-toxic and smaller species via redox reactions, by using photocatalysts. g-C3N4 is a metal-free n-type semiconductor, typical nonmetallic and non-toxici polymeric photocatalyst. It widely used in photocatalytic materials, due to its easy and simple synthesis, fascinating electronic band structure, high stability and abundant availability. As a photocatalyst, its major drawbacks are its limited efficiency in separating photo-excited electron–hole pairs, high separated charge recombination, low specific surface area, and low absorption coefficient. In this review, we report the recent modification strategies adopted for g-C3N4 for the efficient photodegradation of MO dye. The different modification approaches, such as nanocomposites and heterojunctions, as well as doping and defect introductions, are briefly discussed. The mechanism of the photodegradation of MO dye by g-C3N4 and future perspectives are discussed. This review paper will predict strategies for the fabrication of an efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalyst for the photodegradation of MO dye.

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Porous g-C3N4 with defects for the efficient dye photodegradation under visible light

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C3N4/TiO2 Photocatalysts

Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C3N4/TiO2 Photocatalysts

Fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride synthesized via pyrolysis for environmental remediation: a detailed experimental analysis with different parametric optimizations

g-C3N4 Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives

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