Porous liquid metal–elastomer composites with high leakage resistance and antimicrobial property for skin-interfaced bioelectronics

Xu, Yadong; Su, Yajuan; Xu, Xianchen; Arends, Brian; Ackerman, Daniel N.; Huang, Henry; Reid, St. Patrick; Santarpia, Joshua L.; Kim, Chansong; Chen, Zehua; Mahmoud, Sana; Ling, Yun; Brown, Alexander A.; Chen, Qian; Huang, Guoliang; Xie, Jingwei; Yan, Zheng

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adf0575

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Soft porous foams have been reported as a class of functional materials to provide conformal contact with the skin in skin‐interfaced electronic devices. [ 35–38 ] The Young's modulus of the soft foam used here was measured to be 1.6 kPa, much lower than the skin modulus of ≈1 Mpa. [ 39 ] A concentric insulating foam with a thermal plug in the center was sandwiched between the flexible ribbon and PCB (Figure 1b,d), resulting in a temperature gradient along the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions of the device.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Wearable Thermal Devices Integrated with Machine Learning

Zavareh,

Tran,

Orred

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Core body temperature (CBT) is a vital parameter that provides insight into individuals' overall health. However, existing methods to monitor CBT are mainly invasive and limited to applications in operating rooms. This work reports a soft wearable thermal device with low power operation to accurately monitor the core temperature and overcome these limitations. The thermal device comprises multiple temperature sensors separated with insulating materials of different thermal conductivities. The design provides a well‐defined thermal gradient to characterize the heat flux across the device. Thermal simulation of the devices with finite element analysis provides guidelines on the device design. Experimental studies involving tissue phantom and human subjects characterize and validate the device performance. A machine learning approach can account for heterogeneous, hard‐to‐measure parameters among individuals such as tissue thermal conductivity and heat generation rate. The machine learning algorithms can be trained to accurately quantify the core temperature in human subjects using the zero‐heat‐flux device measured temperature as a reference. The results show that the mean core temperature difference between the zero‐heat‐flux and the devices is 0.01 °C with 95% limits of agreement in the range of −0.08 °C and 0.1 °C.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Wearable Thermal Devices Integrated with Machine Learning

Zavareh,

Tran,

Orred

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…In addition to the nascent nanomaterials used for soft and pliable conductors, traditional metallic conductors that employ novel fabrication processes to attain both inflammation-free and stretchability requisites have also captured the interest of numerous researchers [ 72 , 73 ]. A noteworthy example of this is the Au nanomeshes introduced by Akihito Miyamoto and his colleagues [ 62 ].…”

Section: Nanomaterial-enabled Wearable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials Used for Wearable Electronics

Yang

Ren

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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In recent decades, thriving Internet of Things (IoT) technology has had a profound impact on people’s lifestyles through extensive information interaction between humans and intelligent devices. One promising application of IoT is the continuous, real-time monitoring and analysis of body or environmental information by devices worn on or implanted inside the body. This research area, commonly referred to as wearable electronics or wearables, represents a new and rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field. Wearable electronics are devices with specific electronic functions that must be flexible and stretchable. Various novel materials have been proposed in recent years to meet the technical challenges posed by this field, which exhibit significant potential for use in different wearable applications. This article reviews recent progress in the development of emerging nanomaterial-based wearable electronics, with a specific focus on their flexible substrates, conductors, and transducers. Additionally, we discuss the current state-of-the-art applications of nanomaterial-based wearable electronics and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.

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“…Stretchable circuits have been extensively studied in various fields such as stretchable displays, [91,92] health monitoring [93,94] and human-computer interaction interfaces, [95] and have shown promising results. In this section, we will mainly focus on introducing flexible printed circuit boards and wearable health monitoring applications.…”

Section: Research Progress Of Stretchable Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Stretchable Circuits: Materials, Methods, and Applications

Pan

Bao

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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Stretchable electronic devices, with their excellent properties such as stretchability and conformal contact with complex surfaces, are widely used in health monitoring and human‐computer interactions. For stable operation of these devices, stretchable circuits are crucial, enabling integration of sensors, data collection, and transmission while under strain. To achieve stretchable system integration, addressing key issues such as elastic substrates, sensor devices, rigid components, stretchable electrodes, and packaging layers is necessary. The stretchable electrodes, which connect various functional devices, are crucial for achieving stretchability and are the main focus of this review. Firstly, this work explores the enhancement of electrode design to maintain good electrical conductivity even under stretching conditions, through studying stretchable conductive materials and the structural design of conventional materials. This work then presents studies on substrate interfaces and the design of elastic substrates, such as rigid islands, to enhance the stability of stretchable circuits during use. Finally, the article discusses the applications of stretchable circuits, the challenges they face, and provides new research directions and ways to develop stretchable circuits.

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Porous liquid metal–elastomer composites with high leakage resistance and antimicrobial property for skin-interfaced bioelectronics

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Soft Wearable Thermal Devices Integrated with Machine Learning

Soft Wearable Thermal Devices Integrated with Machine Learning

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials Used for Wearable Electronics

Research Progress in Stretchable Circuits: Materials, Methods, and Applications

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