Porous membranes of quaternized chitosan composited with strontium-based nanobioceramic for periodontal tissue regeneration

Abstract

This report demonstrates the development of a degradable quaternary ammonium derivative of chitosan (QC) composited with strontium-containing nanoapatite (SA) for bioactivity. The material was made as porous membrane by solution casting and freeze drying, for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) applications. The micromorphology, tensile strength, suture pull-out strength, degradation ( in vitro, in phosphate buffered saline), and cytocompatibility (using human periodontal ligament cells) were tested to investigate the effect of derivatization and SA addition. The porosity of the membranes increased with increasing SA content and so did the tensile strength and the degradation. The suture pull-out strength, however, showed a decrease. The cell culture evaluation endorsed biocompatibility. The composite with 1.5 mg SA per 1 mL QC was found to have optimal qualities for GTR applications.

Functionally Graded Bioactive Composites Based on Poly(vinyl alcohol) Made through Thiol–Ene Click Reaction

“…The percentage swelling in terms of water uptake was calculated using the formulae. 28 , 29 where W i , W f , V i , and V f are the initial weight, final weight, initial volume, and final volume of the composite, respectively.…”

“…The percentage weight loss at each time point was estimated using the formula. 28 where W i and W f are the dry weights of the membrane at the initial and final time periods, respectively.…”

“…Measurements were done using a load cell of 100 N up to the point of sample failure. The tensile strength and elongation of samples were determined from the data …”

“…The suture ends were folded and gripped to the upper jaw of the UTM fixture and pulled at a rate of 10 mm/min. The tearing of the membrane was taken as the end point …”

Novel In Situ-Cross-Linked Electrospun Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite Nonwoven Scaffolds Prove Suitable for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

“…Against this background, polymer-based, biodegradable biomaterials have proven suitable as scaffolds that allow the in vitro modeling of complex biological processes such as soft and hard tissue regeneration, which are both important in the context of periodontal tissue engineering [30][31][32]. Various nontoxic natural and synthetic polymers, including chitosan [33], alginate [34], collagen/gelatin [35], and polylactic [36] and polyglycolic acid [37], have been adapted for similar applications and imitate natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) [38,39]. Among them, gelatin is a natural origin protein obtained by acidic and alkaline processing of collagen type I, the main protein component of the skin, bones, and connective tissue of animals.…”