Porous organic cages: soluble, modular and molecular pores

Hasell, Tom; Cooper, Andrew I.

doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.53

Cited by 705 publications

(514 citation statements)

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“…12 Porous molecular materials, which are studied in this work, are a form of porous materials that, unlike network materials such as zeolites and MOFs, are formed from the packing of discrete molecular units into solid state materials that demonstrate permanent porosity. [13][14][15][16][17][18] The porosity exhibited can be categorised as either a result of intrinsic porosity (where the molecule itself contains an internal void) or extrinsic porosity (where inefficient packing of the molecular units results in voids between them), or a combination of the two. Examples include "cage compounds", which are polycyclic compounds with the shape of a cage that have 3-dimensional structures with multiple possible entry and exit routes through molec-ular windows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Screening of Porous Organic Molecules for Xenon/Krypton Separation

et al. 2017

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1 AbstractWe performed a computational screening of previously reported porous molecular materials, including porous organic cages, cucurbiturils, cyclodextrins and cryptophanes, for Xe/Kr separation. Our approach for rapid screening through analysis of single host molecules, rather than the solid state structure of the materials, is evaluated.We use a set of tools including in-house software for structural evaluations, electronic structure calculations for guest binding energies and molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations to study the effect of the hosts' flexibility upon guest diffusion. Our final results confirm that the CC3 cage molecule, previously reported as high performing for Xe/Kr separation, is the most promising of this class of materials reported to date. The Noria molecule was also found to be promising and we therefore synthesised two related Noria molecules and tested their performance for Xe/Kr separation in the laboratory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Screening of Porous Organic Molecules for Xenon/Krypton Separation

et al. 2017

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“…1 Windows in the cage structure allow guest molecules to diffuse into the intrinsic cavities. Hence, organic cages can be crystallised as porous solids, 1 or used to form porous liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, organic cages can be crystallised as porous solids, 1 or used to form porous liquids. 2 An increasing number of POC materials have been reported 1,3 with the cage molecules themselves being synthesised via imine, [4][5][6][7][8] boronic ester, 9,10 or carbon-carbon 11 bond forming reactions. A diverse series of POCs has now been reported with surface areas as high as 3758 m 2 g −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular assembly of porous organic cage crystals: isoreticular quasiracemates and ternary co-crystal

et al. 2017

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a Small changes in molecular structure and crystallisation conditions can have a profound effect on the crystal packing of molecules. Increasing the system complexity-for example, by introducing multiple components-greatly increases the number of potential outcomes. Hence, the rational design of porous cocrystals with multiple components is challenging. Here, we report a family of isoreticular quasiracemate crystalline phases for porous organic cages, FT-RCC3-R·CCX-S (where X = 1, 2, or 4), that were prepared in a modular and predictable fashion. By using directional intermolecular interactions between cages, we were able to prepare a rare ternary co-crystal, (CC3-S 0.5 CC4-S 0.5 )·(CC13-S 0.5 CC3-S 0.25 CC4-S 0.25 ).

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“…Although these materials do resemble COFs, unlike COFs, they can be solution processable. 4 For any structural chemists, these materials are excellent tools that can lead to more informed design processes and create a deeper understanding of how targeted porous extended structures should be made.The rapid growth of interest in this field has inspired this CrystEngComm themed issue on "Covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures". As exemplified by the articles, this themed issue focuses on the design strategies for the construction of porous organic materials, including covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures with new physicochemical properties.…”

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Covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures

Banerjee

Champness

2017

CrystEngComm

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The last 20 years have seen an enormous interest in research on the topic of crystalline porous framework materials, especially metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs exploit reversible metal-coordination chemistry to create extended, crystalline solids. 1 However, a similar set of porous ordered covalent networks based on the reversible and modular connection of a vast array of rigid and symmetrical building blocks through covalent bonds has also emerged during this time. These materials, coined as "Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)", have summoned considerable attention in the last decade, starting with a significant contribution from the Yaghi group, 2 owing to their unique designing features as well as enormous potential. 3 Like COFs, porous molecular crystals that are not interconnected by covalent bonding have also picked up significant research interest. Although these materials do resemble COFs, unlike COFs, they can be solution processable. 4 For any structural chemists, these materials are excellent tools that can lead to more informed design processes and create a deeper understanding of how targeted porous extended structures should be made.The rapid growth of interest in this field has inspired this CrystEngComm themed issue on "Covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures". As exemplified by the articles, this themed issue focuses on the design strategies for the construction of porous organic materials, including covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures with new physicochemical properties. Associated challenges regarding synthesis, crystallization, and structure-property relationships of covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures are also covered.An earlier themed issue on this topic edited by Andrew Cooper showcased the versatility of the COFs synthesized by reversible boronate ester bonds. 2 This current themed issue, however, showcases a diverse number of synthetic procedures, other than the reversible boronate ester bonds, to produce ordered crystalline porous solids with physical properties, such as sensing, separation, and conductivity, rather than focusing only on porosity. A collection of twelve research articles on covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures is presented, which showcase the very significant fact that the COFs are not limited to boronate ester chemistry, nor are porous organic solids restricted to extended networks. The article by Andrew Cooper and coworkers (DOI: 10.1039/C7CE00783C) showcases the strategy towards modulating the assembly of porous organic cage crystals, whereas the article by Antonio Frontera and co-workers (DOI: 10.1039/C6CE02341J) describes the solid-state inclusion phenomena within a Zn-Porphyrin Cage.

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Porous organic cages: soluble, modular and molecular pores

Cited by 705 publications

References 184 publications

Computational Screening of Porous Organic Molecules for Xenon/Krypton Separation

Computational Screening of Porous Organic Molecules for Xenon/Krypton Separation

Modular assembly of porous organic cage crystals: isoreticular quasiracemates and ternary co-crystal

Covalent organic frameworks and organic cage structures

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