Porous Organic Materials in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications for Severed Facial Nerve Injury Repair

Abstract

The prevalence of facial nerve injury is substantial, and the restoration of its structure and function remains a significant challenge. Autologous nerve transplantation is a common treatment for severed facial nerve injury; however, it has great limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for clinical repair methods that can rival it. Tissue engineering nerve conduits are usually composed of scaffolds, cells and neurofactors. Tissue engineering is regarded as a promising method for facial nerve regeneration. Among different factors, the porous nerve conduit made of organic materials, which has high porosity and biocompatibility, plays an indispensable role. This review introduces facial nerve injury and the existing treatment methods and discusses the necessity of the application of porous nerve conduit. We focus on the application of porous organic polymer materials from production technology and material classification and summarize the necessity and research progress of these in repairing severed facial nerve injury, which is relatively rare in the existing articles. This review provides a theoretical basis for further research into and clinical interventions on facial nerve injury and has certain guiding significance for the development of new materials.

Tetrabenzonaphthalene and Redox-Active Anthraquinone-Linked Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Organic Electrodes for Enhanced Energy Storage Efficiency

“…Porous materials play a crucial role across various scientific and technological fields, attracting considerable attention for their potential to enhance functional material design. − conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) represent a prominent category of organic porous polymers. They are distinguished by their high porosity, lightweight structure, and robust covalent bonds. − As a subset of covalently bonded organic porous materials, CMPs are amorphous and facilitate the conjugated assembly of building blocks within three-dimensional (3D) networks. − CMPs possess distinctive structural characteristics not found in other porous materials, which typically lack π-conjugation, or in conventional conjugated polymers, which are not porous. − CMPs leverage π-conjugated systems, allowing for deliberate modifications to their porous structures, thus enhancing both the framework and its properties. − CMPs can be synthesized through various chemical methods, including the Yamamoto reaction, Friedel–Crafts arylation, cyclotrimerization, Suzuki reaction, Sonogashira–Hagihara reaction, and Schiff base reaction, all of which contribute to the formation of these unique CMPs. − The design of CMPs allows for versatile applications.…”