Porous Organic Polymers for Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Abstract

Many porous organic polymers (POPs) possess excellent light absorption capacity and CO2 absorption performance owing to their conjugated skeletons and large specific surface area values. Some of these fascinating materials have inherent reaction sites for CO2 conversion and appropriate band structures to catalyze the CO2 reduction reaction. Therefore, these POPs have been used as heterogeneous catalysts in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. Among those POPs, four kinds of catalytic systems have been developed for realizing the CO2 photoreduction reaction: POPs loaded with noble metals, POPs loaded with non‐noble metals, POPs combined with inorganic semiconductors, and metal‐free POPs. Each of these catalytic systems has its own advantages and drawbacks. In general, the catalytic system of supported metals has higher catalytic efficiency but lower durability than metal‐free POPs. It should be noted that in the process of catalyst development, the co‐catalyst is gradually minimizing in POPs to achieve a more green CO2 photoreduction reaction. In this review, different types of POPs and the relationship between their structures and catalytic performance in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 are summarized.

Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion Using Metal-Containing Coordination Polymers and Networks: Recent Developments in Material Design and Mechanistic Details

“…Amorphous polymers contain a wide variety of materials such as conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), etc. [ 62 ]. Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are another class of POPs that, based on current research, contain crystalline and amorphous materials.…”

Advances in porous organic polymers: syntheses, structures, and diverse applications

“…1 Porous materials are applied in many technological and scientific fields, with a huge number of new advanced porous materials having been developed during the last two decades. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Based on the IUPAC classification, porous materials can be divided, based on their pore diameters, into microporous (<2 nm), mesoporous (>2 nm and <50 nm), and macroporous (>50 nm) materials. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Many various porous materials have been constructed from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs).…”

Porous Organic Polymers for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

“…The CO 2 capture and conversion process using POPs is divided into four steps: (i) gas molecules diffuse onto the surface of the catalyst and into the pores; (ii) adsorption of CO 2 on the active sites of the catalyst; (iii) catalytic conversion of CO 2 to target product; (iv) desorption and diffusion of CO 2 in the product [21] . Several strategies have been demonstrated for the conversion of CO 2 including photocatalytic reduction, [17,22] electrocatalytic reduction [23,24] and chemical conversion, [25,26] which could efficiently convert CO 2 into methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), formic acid (HCOOH), formaldehyde (HCHO), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), cyclic carbonates, carboxylic acids, urea‐derivates, and formamides, etc.…”

“…Han et al. also reviewed the effects of different types of POPs and their structures on the performance of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction, helping people to better understand the relationship between the performance of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction and structure [29] . Here we present an overview to summarize the synthesis of several POPs that can be used for CO 2 catalytic conversion, systematically listing the progress of heterogeneous metal‐supported POPs catalysts in CO 2 catalytic conversion and summarizes the current challenges in this field.…”