Porous polylactic acid scaffolds for bone regeneration: A study of additively manufactured triply periodic minimal surfaces and their osteogenic potential

Díez-Escudero, Anna; Harlin, Hugo; Isaksson, Per; Persson, Cecilia

doi:10.1177/2041731420956541

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Hence, we cannot confirm previous studies for AR-M2 to be biocompatible or suitable for the use in cardiovascular tissue engineering, at least not for direct or indirect contact with cells or tissues. 23 The findings presented in this study regarding the biocompatibility of PLA are in accordance with already published data 24,25 and reveal PLA to be the more favorable material to use for biological tissue. Cell viability test revealed only a discrete and acceptable reduction of cell proliferation rate after 72 hours, which The prime goal for the DC of xenogeneic tissue is the removal of residual DNA to prevent an immune reaction or even rejection of the tissue after implantation in patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Customized 3D printed bioreactors for decellularization—High efficiency and quality on a budget

et al. 2021

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Decellularization (DC) of biomaterials with bioreactors is widely used to produce scaffolds for tissue engineering. This study uses 3D printing to develop efficient but low-cost DC bioreactors. Two bioreactors were developed to decellularize pericardial patches and vascular grafts. Flow profiles and pressure distribution inside the bioreactors were optimized by steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Printing materials were evaluated by cytotoxicity assessment. Following evaluation, all parts of the bioreactors were 3D printed in a commercial fused deposition modeling printer. Samples of bovine pericardia and porcine aortae were decellularized using established protocols. An immersion and agitation setup was used as a control. With histological assessment, DNA quantification and biomechanical testing treatment effects were evaluated. CFD analysis of the pericardial bioreactor revealed even flow and pressure distribution in between all pericardia. The CFD analysis of the vessel bioreactor showed increased intraluminal flow rate and pressure compared to the vessel's outside. Cytotoxicity assessment of the used printing material revealed no adverse effect on the tissue. Complete DC was achieved for all samples using the 3D printed bioreactors while DAPI staining revealed residual cells in aortic vessels of the control group. Histological analysis showed no structural changes in the decellularized samples. Additionally, biomechanical properties exhibited no significant change compared to native samples. This study presents a novel approach to manufacturing highly efficient and low budget 3D printed bioreactors for the DC of biomaterials. When compared to standard protocols, the bioreactors offer a cost effective, fast, and reproducible approach, which vastly improves the DC results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Customized 3D printed bioreactors for decellularization—High efficiency and quality on a budget

et al. 2021

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“…Since skull bone has different developmental and regenerative mechanisms than long bones (Lim et al, 2013), those in vivo observations cannot be compared to the computer model predictions presented here. In vitro experiments of cellular function within gyroid scaffolds have been mainly performed to test different biomaterials or 3D printing techniques, where in general it has been reported that cells are able to penetrate and proliferate within gyroid scaffolds (Melchels et al, 2010a;Tsai et al, 2015;Ataee et al, 2019;Diez-Escudero et al, 2020;Spece et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021;Noroozi et al, 2022). Spece et al (2020) compared cellular activity within gyroid and strut-like scaffolds in terms of ALP activity, where they showed higher ALP activity in strut-like scaffolds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCL strut-like scaffolds appear superior to gyroid in terms of bone regeneration within a long bone large defect: An in silico study

Jaber

Poh

Duda

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The treatment of large bone defects represents a major clinical challenge. 3D printed scaffolds appear as a promising strategy to support bone defect regeneration. The 3D design of such scaffolds impacts the healing path and thus defect regeneration potential. Among others, scaffold architecture has been shown to influence the healing outcome. Gyroid architecture, characterized by a zero mean surface curvature, has been discussed as a promising scaffold design for bone regeneration. However, whether gyroid scaffolds are favourable for bone regeneration in large bone defects over traditional strut-like architecture scaffolds remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether gyroid scaffolds present advantages over more traditional strut-like scaffolds in terms of their bone regeneration potential. Validated bone defect regeneration principles were applied in an in silico modeling approach that allows to predict bone formation in defect regeneration. Towards this aim, the mechano-biological bone regeneration principles were adapted to allow simulating bone regeneration within both gyroid and strut-like scaffolds. We found that the large surface curvatures of the gyroid scaffold led to a slower tissue formation dynamic and conclusively reduced bone regeneration. The initial claim, that an overall reduced zero mean surface curvature would enhance bone formation, could not be confirmed. The here presented approach illustrates the potential of in silico tools to evaluate in pre-clinical studies scaffold designs and eventually lead to optimized architectures of 3D printed implants for bone regeneration.

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“…This was tested on a PLA printed scaffold with different internal pore morphologies and the seeded pre-osteoblastic line showed promising proliferation and activity. 55 Further research on the application of these technologies is expected soon. The possibilities of specific designing of the internal architecture of scaffolds to mimic the extracellular matrix of target defects in patients are encouraging.…”

Section: Craniofacial Bone Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was tested on a PLA printed scaffold with different internal pore morphologies and the seeded pre-osteoblastic line showed promising proliferation and activity. 55…”

Section: Craniofacial Bone Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent update on craniofacial tissue engineering

Emara

Shah²

2021

J Tissue Eng

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The craniofacial region consists of several different tissue types. These tissues are quite commonly affected by traumatic/pathologic tissue loss which has so far been traditionally treated by grafting procedures. With the complications and drawbacks of grafting procedures, the emerging field of regenerative medicine has proved potential. Tissue engineering advancements and the application in the craniofacial region is quickly gaining momentum although most research is still at early in vitro/in vivo stages. We aim to provide an overview on where research stands now in tissue engineering of craniofacial tissue; namely bone, cartilage muscle, skin, periodontal ligament, and mucosa. Abstracts and full-text English articles discussing techniques used for tissue engineering/regeneration of these tissue types were summarized in this article. The future perspectives and how current technological advancements and different material applications are enhancing tissue engineering procedures are also highlighted. Clinically, patients with craniofacial defects need hybrid reconstruction techniques to overcome the complexity of these defects. Cost-effectiveness and cost-efficiency are also required in such defects. The results of the studies covered in this review confirm the potential of craniofacial tissue engineering strategies as an alternative to avoid the problems of currently employed techniques. Furthermore, 3D printing advances may allow for fabrication of patient-specific tissue engineered constructs which should improve post-operative esthetic results of reconstruction. There are on the other hand still many challenges that clearly require further research in order to catch up with engineering of other parts of the human body.

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Porous polylactic acid scaffolds for bone regeneration: A study of additively manufactured triply periodic minimal surfaces and their osteogenic potential

Cited by 47 publications

References 70 publications

Customized 3D printed bioreactors for decellularization—High efficiency and quality on a budget

Customized 3D printed bioreactors for decellularization—High efficiency and quality on a budget

PCL strut-like scaffolds appear superior to gyroid in terms of bone regeneration within a long bone large defect: An in silico study

Recent update on craniofacial tissue engineering

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