Porous silicon in carbon cages as high-performance lithium-ion battery anode Materials

Improving the Performance of SiOx/Carbon Materials for High Energy Density Commercial Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on Montmorillonite

“…Only when the discharge current density was increased to 3 C, the rate capacities showed an observable reduction ascribed to the polarization activities of the electrodes under high current density . However, the capacity retention efficiencies were still very high, about 90 % references to 0.5 C. The rate performance of OSBC was a bit worse and the discharge capacity decreased to about 82 % of that at 0.5 C. The good rate performance of MSBC can be attributed to a unique layered structure with multipoint contact and mesopores was formed, where the multipoint contact increased the thermal and electrons conductivity of the anodes while mesopores and layered structure enhanced the ionic conductivity . In addition, the strong ion exchange property of montmorillonite structure may also entitle MSBC to deserve better rate activity compared to OSBC .…”

“…There are generally three possible reasons that lead to the stability of the SEI film and thus the excellent electrochemical performance of the material. Firstly, the existing of carbon provided buffer space for volume expansion, which had been proved by many researches . Secondly, montmorillonite deserved porous structure, which could also be used as part of the framework to provide buffer space for volume expansion .…”

“…The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) specific surface area of MSBC was calculated to be 7.91 m 2 /g. Since a large specific surface area indicates a high surface SEI, the SEI films on the smaller particles have larger challenge of overgrowth and higher irreversible lithium ions consumption . Thus, in the commercial batteries design, the parameters of particle size and specific area must meet a certain requirement, and those of the prepared composite just laid in such range.…”

“…It has been suggested by literatures that silicon oxide exhibited a better comprehensive performance compared to pure silicon while carbon improved the conductivity and alleviated the volume change to some extent. [11,16,[35][36] CMC was served as the carbon source and formed porous structure with multipoint contact during the sintering process, which stabilized the microstructure and improved the electrical conductivity of silicon-based anodes. [37] Montmorillonite can be served as a superior lubricant.…”

“…Since a large specific surface area indicates a high surface SEI, the SEI films on the smaller particles have larger challenge of overgrowth and higher irreversible lithium ions consumption. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Thus, in the commercial batteries design, the parameters of particle size and specific area must meet a certain requirement, and those of the prepared composite just laid in such range. The pore size 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 distribution (PSD) of MSBC particles was calculated by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method and the pore diameter was distributed in the range of 1-20 nm.…”