Porous‐Skeleton‐Encapsulated Electronic Yarn: High‐Precision Pressure Sensing, Moisture Monitoring, and Personal Protection for Exercise Rehabilitation

Abstract

The potential applications of smart electronic textiles (E‐textiles) in exercise rehabilitation are promising. However, there is still a high challenge in achieving multimodal signal output, high fidelity, and low detection limit measurements. This study describes a structure‐dependent dual‐mode moisture‐pressure sensing yarn (MACHy) that features a porous skeleton encapsulating the electrode core yarn through a chemical and physical crosslinking‐induced gelation process. The porous skeleton absorbs water and alters MACHy's resistance, endowing the excellent moisture detection performance. Meanwhile, the single MACHy is pressure‐insensitive. When the MACHy yarns interweave, a piezoresistive pressure sensor unit with a low detection limit (0.01 N), high fidelity, and wide detection range (50 N) is fabricated due to the elastic porous shell and the twisted electrode core yarn, which enlarges the deformation space. The scalable MACHy is further woven into an intelligent wristband, demonstrating both Bluetooth music control and wound exudate alarm. Finally, an intelligent knee pad combining machine learning to accurately identify knee poses is prepared. Moreover, the MACHy fabric exhibits controllable joint heating (25–85 °C), cefazolin sodium salt release (150 μg with 50 min), and electromagnetic interference shielding (30 dB) performance, which provides new insights into the design and application of multimodal sensing textiles.