Porous ZnAl2O4 spinel nanorods: High sensitivity humidity sensors

Cheng, Baochang; Ouyang, Zhiyong; Tian, Baixiang; Xiao, Yanhe; Lei, Shuijin

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.02.077

Cited by 58 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These advanced improved characteristics were attributed to suitable stable grain size and porous nature of the nanocomposite. The obtained electrical results confirm that our newly developed CaMgFe 1.33 Ti 3 O 12 nanoceramic derived sintered electro-ceramic nanocomposite material based humidity sensor is better than many currently existing conventional metal oxide based humidity sensors [51,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61]. The obtained best performance of the present sintered electro-ceramic nanocomposite based humidity sensor is due to desired grain size, highly hydrophilic and desired porous nature at the sintering condition of 1050 °C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This result confirms that the highest sensitivity is observed at 10 2 Hz. The present device sensitivity was significantly higher compared to the other existing resistive type humidity sensors (S z of BaTiO 3 thin film ~0.16 MΩ/Δ% RH, TiO 2 /Li 2 O/V 2 O 5 based composite ~0.011 MΩ/Δ% RH, Porous ZnAl 2 O 4 spinel nanorods ~0.08 MΩ/Δ% RH, LiZnVO 4 -doped SnO 2 ~0.0012 MΩ/Δ% RH, ZnO nanorods ~0.082 MΩ/Δ% RH and so on, at 100 Hz) [51,54,55,56,57]. Therefore, 10 2 Hz frequency was adopted as the testing frequency in all the succeeding analyses of the present investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uniformly Porous Nanocrystalline CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 Ceramic Derived Electro-Ceramic Nanocomposite for Impedance Type Humidity Sensor

Tripathy

Pramanik

Manna

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Since humidity sensors have been widely used in many sectors, a suitable humidity sensing material with improved sensitivity, faster response and recovery times, better stability and low hysteresis is necessary to be developed. Here, we fabricate a uniformly porous humidity sensor using Ca, Ti substituted Mg ferrites with chemical formula of CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 as humidity sensing materials by solid-sate step-sintering technique. This synthesis technique is useful to control the grain size with increased porosity to enhance the hydrophilic characteristics of the CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 nanoceramic based sintered electro-ceramic nanocomposites. The highest porosity, lowest density and excellent surface-hydrophilicity properties were obtained at 1050 °C sintered ceramic. The performance of this impedance type humidity sensor was evaluated by electrical characterizations using alternating current (AC) in the 33%–95% relative humidity (RH) range at 25 °C. Compared with existing conventional resistive humidity sensors, the present sintered electro-ceramic nanocomposite based humidity sensor showed faster response time (20 s) and recovery time (40 s). This newly developed sensor showed extremely high sensitivity (%S) and small hysteresis of <3.4%. Long-term stability of the sensor had been determined by testing for 30 consecutive days. Therefore, the high performance sensing behavior of the present electro-ceramic nanocomposites would be suitable for a potential use in advanced humidity sensors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniformly Porous Nanocrystalline CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 Ceramic Derived Electro-Ceramic Nanocomposite for Impedance Type Humidity Sensor

Tripathy

Pramanik

Manna

et al. 2016

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The C -value increased from 3.2183 × 10 −11 F to 9.9741 × 10 −10 F with a “ S ” of ~3000% at the signal frequency of 10 2 Hz but when the test frequency is 10 5 Hz, the capacitance varied from 1.2832 × 10 −11 to 2.8174 × 10 −11 F with “ S ” of ~120% across the RH range of 33%–95%, respectively. The sensitivity of our developed sensor is higher than that of some other ceramic based humidity sensors reported elsewhere (for example, ~2900% for porous ZnAl 2 O 4 spinel nanorod, 85% for silica nanoparticles aerogel thin films, ~966% for SiC nanowires, ~800% for thermally carbonized porous silicon, ~500% for alumina nanowire, 1490% for (PEPC + NiPc + Cu 2 O) and so on based humidity sensors) [16,56,57,58,59,60]. Therefore, in our further study the 10 2 Hz would be considered as best test frequency for the analysis of sensor characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Design and Development for Capacitive Humidity Sensor Applications of Lead-Free Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti-Oxides-Based Electro-Ceramics with Improved Sensing Properties via Physisorption

Tripathy

Pramanik

Manna

et al. 2016

Sensors

116

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Despite the many attractive potential uses of ceramic materials as humidity sensors, some unavoidable drawbacks, including toxicity, poor biocompatibility, long response and recovery times, low sensitivity and high hysteresis have stymied the use of these materials in advanced applications. Therefore, in present investigation, we developed a capacitive humidity sensor using lead-free Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti-Oxide (CMFTO)-based electro-ceramics with perovskite structures synthesized by solid-state step-sintering. This technique helps maintain the submicron size porous morphology of the developed lead-free CMFTO electro-ceramics while providing enhanced water physisorption behaviour. In comparison with conventional capacitive humidity sensors, the presented CMFTO-based humidity sensor shows a high sensitivity of up to 3000% compared to other materials, even at lower signal frequency. The best also shows a rapid response (14.5 s) and recovery (34.27 s), and very low hysteresis (3.2%) in a 33%–95% relative humidity range which are much lower values than those of existing conventional sensors. Therefore, CMFTO nano-electro-ceramics appear to be very promising materials for fabricating high-performance capacitive humidity sensors.

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“…Based on the above mentioned applications, various morphologies of spinel ZnAl 2 O 4 have been prepared, including one-dimensional microfibers, porous structures, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, and so on45678. It has been noted that the optical properties of these materials are strongly dependent on their morphologies and preparation methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spinel ZnAl 2 O 4 semiconductors have been synthesized using a variety of different methods, such as the solid-state reaction method910, a self-generated template pathway9, the combustion synthesis route11, the sol–gel method12, a co-precipitation approach6, the polymeric precursor method13, the citrate precursor method4, a hydrothermal process7, a solvothermal approach14, and the microwave-hydrothermal route15. The particle size of ZnAl 2 O 4 has a large effect on its optical and fluorescence properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles synthesized from different aluminum salts for use as fluorescence materials

Wang

Sun

Fang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

145

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Three ZnAl2O4 samples were prepared via a modified polyacrylamide gel method using a citric acid solution with different aluminum salt starting materials, including AlCl3∙6H2O, Al2(SO4)3∙18H2O, and Al(NO3)3∙9H2O under identical conditions. The influence of different aluminum salts on the morphologies, phase purity, and optical and fluorescence properties of the as-prepared ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the phase purity, particle size, morphology, and optical and fluorescence properties of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles can be manipulated by the use of different aluminum salts as starting materials. The energy bandgap (Eg) values of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles increase with a decrease in particle size. The fluorescence spectra show that a major blue emission band around 400 nm and two weaker side bands located at 410 and 445 nm are observed when the excitation wavelength is 325 nm. The ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles prepared from Al(NO3)3∙9H2O exhibit the largest emission intensity among the three ZnAl2O4 samples, followed in turn by the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles prepared from Al2(SO4)3∙18H2O and AlCl3∙6H2O. These differences are attributed to combinational changes in Eg and the defect types of the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles.

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Porous ZnAl2O4 spinel nanorods: High sensitivity humidity sensors

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

Uniformly Porous Nanocrystalline CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 Ceramic Derived Electro-Ceramic Nanocomposite for Impedance Type Humidity Sensor

Uniformly Porous Nanocrystalline CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 Ceramic Derived Electro-Ceramic Nanocomposite for Impedance Type Humidity Sensor

Design and Development for Capacitive Humidity Sensor Applications of Lead-Free Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti-Oxides-Based Electro-Ceramics with Improved Sensing Properties via Physisorption

A comparative study of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles synthesized from different aluminum salts for use as fluorescence materials

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