Porous ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst modified with sulfonic acid functional groups for hydrolysis of biomass

Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from rice-straw biomass using a HSO3–ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst under assistance of sonication

“…Aer the sulfonation, new peaks observed at 693, 1068, 2589 and 2932 cm À1 indicate the presence of S-O, S]O bonds and strong hydrogen bond in HSO 3 groups. 26,27,31 This suggests that sulfonic (HSO 3 ) group was successfully added to the ZSM-5 zeolite structure. These results are once again conrmed by EDS data as shown in Fig.…”

“…ZSM-5 zeolite would contain two types of acid site: Brønsted and Lewis site aer ion exchange process with cation Me n+ or adding sulfonic acid function group into the structure of zeolites. [24][25][26][27] There have been some reports on application of zeolite, especially ZSM-5 zeolite for conversion of glucose and carbohydrate into HMF. 21,22 However, the efficiency of the process and yield of HMF was not high.…”

Advances in Heterogeneously Catalytic Degradation of Biomass Saccharides with Ordered-Nanoporous Materials

“…For example, activated carbon, silica, ion exchange resins, and other similar unordered materials with high acid resistance can have an excellent performance in catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose by further acid treatment. − Ordered materials with good acid-resistance such as zeolites can be directly treated by sulfuric acid to tune their acidity. After acid treatment, functionalized zeolites can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose, and they have excellent catalytic activity and reusability …”

“…After acid treatment, functionalized zeolites can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose, and they have excellent catalytic activity and reusability. 78 For the ordered materials with normal acid resistance, the effect of acid treatment on the structure of these materials is hard to be ignored. Porous coordination polymer (PCP) is an ordered polymer, the structure of which is unstable in solution with strong acid because the coordinated metal ion and ligand structure of PCP will be released in acid solution through the ion exchange.…”

Effective hydrolysis of polysaccharides by activated attapulgite

“…12 Besides carbon catalysts, ion-exchange resins were also employed for hydrolysis reactions; 75% fructose yield was obtained with the multiple-bed reactor catalyzed by sulfonic ion-exchange. 13 Moreover, some metal oxides, such as TiO 2 -based catalysts 7 and ZSM-5 zeolite, 14 were also investigated for polysaccharide hydrolysis. Although recently many heterogeneous catalysts have shown good performance, it should be noted that effective hydrolysis of polysaccharides into monomers (especially in aqueous solution) is still unsatisfactory.…”