Porphyrin and phthalocyanine based covalent organic frameworks for electrocatalysis

Cyano Substituent on the Olefin Linkage: Promoting Rather than Inhibiting the Performance of Covalent Organic Frameworks

“…As a kind of crystalline and porous organic polymer, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted great interest of researchers since they were first reported by Yaghi’s group in 2005 . A variety of COFs have been designed and applied in the fields of separation, − catalysis, − energy, − photovoltaics, − biomedicine, sensors, environment, and so forth due to the broad artificial design and assembly space of COFs provided by the adjustability of organic building blocks and linkages. − It is worth noting that photocatalysis has become an important application area of COFs, , which is due to several characteristics of COFs: (i) extended π-conjugated frameworks, endowing the COFs with the properties of an opto-semiconductor and providing effective conduction paths for carriers; (ii) structural adjustability, implying that the chemical structure can be easily adjusted artificially to fine-tune the band structure of the material; and (iii) large surface areas, providing more accessible reactive sites and reducing the distance of carrier conduction to the reaction interface, thus restraining the electron–hole recombination. After the first report by Lotsch’s group, COF photocatalysts have been widely developed in the fields of photocatalytic organic reaction, − contaminant degradation, , water splitting, − and CO 2 reduction. , …”

Aromatic heterobicycle-fused porphyrins: impact on aromaticity and excited state electron transfer leading to long-lived charge separation

“…In recent years, porphyrins have been proven to be effective building blocks in self-assembled materials such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and others. 10–18 In this regard, highly π-extended systems obtained through fusing porphyrins with aromatic rings such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are especially attractive as they are reminiscent of “nanographene” doped with heteroatoms. 1,2,19–42 Theoretically, the fusion of aromatic moieties to the porphyrin periphery can be realized at the meso , β- and β,β-positions (Fig.…”

Covalent Organic Frameworks with Ionic Liquid-Moieties (ILCOFs): Structures, Synthesis, and CO2 Conversion

“…Among these porous materials, COFs have received increasing attention as a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with permanent porosity and highly ordered structures, containing covalently connected molecular building units [ 36 , 37 ]. COFs have also received increasing attention as sorbents, supports, and catalysts [ 38 , 39 ]. Based on the unique properties of ILs and COFs, covalent organic frameworks with ionic liquid-moieties (ILCOFs) were developed as novel porous ionic materials used in many fields [ 40 , 41 ].…”