Porphyrin‐Based Conducting Polymer Hydrogel for Supercapacitor Application

Abstract

Herein, the electrochemical properties and energy storage capability of a flexible, all‐solid‐state supercapacitor based on the supramolecular assembly of polypyrrole (PPy) and the anion of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl)‐21H,23H‐porphine manganese(III) chloride (MnTSPP) are reported. The electrode material consists of a conductive polymer hydrogel formed through the gelation initiated by cross‐linking of the dopant MnTSPP anion in the PPy chains. The morphology of the cross‐linked polymer hydrogel is that of a particle‐decorated nanofiber, which can perform as a flexible supercapacitor electrode material with a specific capacitance of 300 Fg−1 and capacitance retention of 78% up to 10 000 cycles. The anion of MnTSPP plays a pivotal role in enhancing the charge storage capability by facilitating the electron transfer between the polymer interchains. In addition, the steric hindrance due to the large size of the dopant counter ions of MnTSPP reduces the counterion drain effect and structural pulverization of PPy, thereby improving the capacitive retention.

Pseudocapacitive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/2D Electrolyte Hydrogels with Enhanced Physico‐Electrochemical Properties

“…[22,23] Instead, strategies to enhance the physico-electrochemical properties of CPHs have mostly focused on in-situ polymerization of the conducting polymer in a nonconducting hydrogel matrix, [24][25][26] or in the presence of crosslinkers. [7,27,28] Such approaches incorporate insulating components that can diminish electrical transport properties. Conjugated polyelectrolytes are defined by a structure containing a π-conjugated backbone bearing pendant ionic groups.…”

Unravelling the structural‐property relations of porphyrinoids with respect to photo‐ and electro‐chemical activities

“…The anion of MnTSPP enhanced the charge storage capability by facilitating electron transfer between the polymer interchains. 109 Very recently, Mei et al 110 reported porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) as electrode material for designing flexible SCs. A series of porphyrinbased CMPs (MTAPP-CMP, M = Cu and H2) were synthesized by polycondensation of metal porphyrins and pyromellitic dianhydride which were then hybridized with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form flexible MTAPP-CMP/CNTs.…”

Recent Advances in Carbon and Metal Based Supramolecular Technology for Supercapacitor Applications

“…Among numerous possibilities, nanostructured materials exhibiting supramolecular interactions are best suited for overcoming these challenges [53,55,56] . These can be employed as either electrode materials or electrolytes in SC/battery systems [54,57–59] . Electrolytes capable of showing supramolecular interactions are not just beneficial for rendering potentiality to be used as solid electrolytes (gel polymer electrolytes).…”

“…[53,55,56] These can be employed as either electrode materials or electrolytes in SC/battery systems. [54,[57][58][59] Electrolytes capable of showing supramolecular interactions are not just beneficial for rendering potentiality to be used as solid electrolytes (gel polymer electrolytes). Rather, they are effective in providing improved ion conductivity in both interface and bulk regions, which is a daunting challenge for solid-state SC systems.…”