Porphyrin concentrations in various human tissues

Goerz, G.; Link‐Mannhardt, Andrea; Bolsen, K.; Zumdick, Matthias; Fritsch, Clemens; Schürer, Nanna

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00248.x

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Low levels of porphyrins have been shown to be present in biopsies of human skin containing both epidermis and dermis (Pathak and Burnett, 1964;Goerz et al, 1995), as well as isolated epidermis obtained by suction blister (Gog and Schothorst, 1973). Protoporphyrin IX was the predominant porphyrin in the skin (Gog and Schothorst, 1973;Goerz et al, 1995), except in porphyria cutanea tarda patients where uroporphyrin was predominant (Malina et al, 1978). Porphyrins are expected to be present in normal whole skin and epidermis because keratinocytes and other cells of the skin actively synthesize heme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psoriatic Plaques Exhibit Red Autofluorescence that is Due to Protoporphyrin IX

Bissonnette

Zeng

McLean³

et al. 1998

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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In evaluating the autofluorescence properties of normal and diseased skin we discovered that psoriatic plaques can emit a distinct red fluorescence when illuminated with UVA or blue light. Using a macrospectrofluorometer equipped with a 442 nm excitation laser, a sharp in vivo fluorescence emission peak around 635 nm could be demonstrated within the plaques of 34 of 75 (45%) patients with psoriasis. This peak was absent from normal appearing skin of psoriatic patients and also from the skin of 66 patients with other dermatologic diseases. A microspectrofluorometer coupled with the same excitation laser was used to obtain emission spectra of separated epidermal sheets and dermis from plaques demonstrating macroscopic red autofluorescence. An emission peak around 635 nm was observed in all three patients thus studied, but only on spectra obtained from the epidermis. Additional spectra of vertical microscopic sections of intact psoriatic skin from five other patients revealed that the peak originated from the stratum corneum. Emission spectra from other microlocations including the mid-epidermis and dermis of psoriatic and normal skin, as well as the stratum corneum of normal skin, failed to demonstrate a 635 nm peak. The excitation and emission fluorescence spectra of acid extracts of psoriatic scale from five patients were all similar to those of protoporphyrin IX in acid solution. High performance liquid chromatography identified the presence of protoporphyrin IX in the acid extracts from psoriatic scale of the same patients. We conclude that native psoriatic plaques can exhibit red autofluorescence that is due to elevated levels of protoporphyrin IX within scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psoriatic Plaques Exhibit Red Autofluorescence that is Due to Protoporphyrin IX

Bissonnette

Zeng

McLean³

et al. 1998

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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“…There are only a few biochemical studies on porphyrin biosynthesis in human skin available (33,34). hibition of the enzymes in porphyrin biosynthesis such as the mitochondria1 ferrochelatase in tumors would lead to decreased heme available for negative feedback control and could explain the accumulation of largely protoporphyrin IX in tumor tissue (especially in BCC) in analogy to cells from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo Application of δ‐Aminolevulinic Acid Induces High and Specific Porphyrin Levels in Human Skin Tumors: Possible Basis for Selective Photodynamic Therapy

Fritsch

Batz

Bolsen

et al. 1997

Photochem & Photobiology

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In photodynamic therapy with topically applied delta-aminolevulinic acid porphyrins are acting as photosensitizers. The profile of porphyrin metabolites in normal or in neoplastic skin after administration of delta-aminolevulinic acid has not been determined in detail yet. Thus, to study porphyrin biosynthesis in human skin an organ culture model was developed. Explant pieces of normal skin, keratoacanthoma, and basal cell carcinoma were incubated with 1 mM delta-aminolevulinic acid for 36 h. Levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid, porphyrins and porphyrin metabolites were measured in tissues and supernatants. After incubation with delta-aminolevulinic acid, higher porphyrin levels were demonstrated in tumors as compared to normal skin. In supernatants, most of formed porphyrins, preferentially highly carboxylated porphyrin metabolites, were measured. The pattern of synthesized porphyrins differed between normal and neoplastic skin explants. In tissues of basal cell carcinomas protoporphyrin was preferentially shown and tissues of keratoacanthomas were characterized by a predominance of coproporphyrin as compared to normal skin. The results show that explant cultures offer an easy approach to examine the porphyrin biosynthesis of various tissues. The tumor-specific delta-aminolevulinic acid metabolism indicates additional porphyrin metabolites such as coproporphyrin apart from protoporphyrin as effective photosensitizers and may offer a novel approach to tumor-selective photodynamic damage.

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“…The most common metabolic products of P. acnes are porphyrins, which are produced in the pilosebaceous unit. They are native fluorophores, and especially coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX are strongly fluorescent under ultraviolet-A (UVA) light (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%