Porphyrin-vancomycin: A highly promising conjugate for the identification and photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic resistant Gram-positive pathogens

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy with cationic phthalocyanines against Escherichia coli planktonic and biofilm cultures

“…Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a new method to do this, which combines photodynamic irradiation with drugs known as sensitizers to treat both cancers and infections of pathogenic microorganisms, and has produced good results. [13][14][15][16] In this study, we chose two cationic phthalocyanines (Pcs), ZnPc1 and ZnPc2, as photosensitizers to combine with light to measure their antibacterial activity. Compared with other photosensitizers, our Pcs presented better antimicrobial activity.…”

“…12 A promising approach to treat bacterial infections is photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), which was recognized at the start of the twentieth century and has been developed to treat both cancers and infections of pathogenic microorganisms, and has produced good results. [13][14][15][16] This measure uses photosensitizers (PSs) to interact with light; this interaction results in the production of a kind of strong oxidant called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by energy or electron transfer from the PS short-lived excited single state to the PS long-lived excited triplet state. 14 The targets of ROS are not only the cell membranes; they also destroy intracellular proteins and DNAs, so it is difficult for bacteria to develop resistance against PACT.…”

“…[13][14][15][16] This measure uses photosensitizers (PSs) to interact with light; this interaction results in the production of a kind of strong oxidant called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by energy or electron transfer from the PS short-lived excited single state to the PS long-lived excited triplet state. 14 The targets of ROS are not only the cell membranes; they also destroy intracellular proteins and DNAs, so it is difficult for bacteria to develop resistance against PACT. 13,14 The PS is a crucial element in PACT, which can directly affect the efficiency.…”

“…14 The targets of ROS are not only the cell membranes; they also destroy intracellular proteins and DNAs, so it is difficult for bacteria to develop resistance against PACT. 13,14 The PS is a crucial element in PACT, which can directly affect the efficiency. Porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, methylene blue as well as a large number of dyes with different molecular frameworks have been proposed as antimicrobial PSs to be used in PACT.…”

Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

“…This theranostic probe allowed selective visualisation and eradication of both vancomycin sensitive and resistant Gram+ bacteria [89]. Zhai and Wang conjugated a tetrakis(p-aminophenyl)porphyrin to vancomycin and investigated its aPDT activity against six Gram+ bacteria strains including vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE) [90]. The designed probe showed high selectivity with varying eradication efficacies towards all Gram+ strains.…”