Port-au-Prince : un « projectorat » haïtien ou l’urbanisme de projets humanitaires en question

International Aid and Urban Change

“…At the programmatic level, the management by project sets the landscape of the international response. As noted by Lombart et al, these types of management focussed on short-term outcomes from multiple agencies damages the quality of their integration between themselves and to a higher administrative level (Lombart, Pierrat, and Redon 2014). In the context of humanitarian aid, the industry has shown its awareness of the issue, and brought its own coordination mechanism to facilitate the integration and geographical repartition of humanitarian aid in the form of the "Clusters" since 2005, to coordinate priority areas in humanitarian interventions.…”

“…The coined expression "projectorate", a play of words combining the project, the central mode of management in contemporary capitalism, with the protectorate, the subjection of local authorities to foreign supervision, describes the unequal powers between foreign agencies and local institutions and population (Carmona 2008). In urban contexts, the overwhelming financial power of aid agencies tends to produce discontinuous and fragmented cities where the power of municipalities is consistently reduced in defining planning priorities (Lombart, Pierrat, and Redon 2014).…”

Le rôle des « jeunesses des rues » au Cap-Haïtien

“…Dans ce contexte, qui tient à l'histoire du pays, aux instabilités du territoire, aux attaches de ces acteurs à la diaspora haïtienne, dont l'autonomie politique et économique est fréquemment réaffirmée, il reste peu d'espaces suscitant la confiance. Il s'agirait alors de renforcer la crédibilité de la municipalité d'un point de vue technique (montée en compétence des agents en poste) via les ressources des ONG et des universitaires haïtiens et via les légitimités des communautés constituées (Lombart et al, 2014), notamment de voisinage ou religieuses.…”

Trust and Hometown Associations in Haitian Post‐Earthquake Reconstruction

“…A critical challenge faced by transnational social movements, such as HTAs, working under the neoliberal paradigm is that they do not have a clear opponent (the state); rather, they have multiple state and non‐state actors who serve as enabling or stumbling blocks towards their goals of community development of the homeland (Fainstein, , p.176). Many Haitians are critical of the institutional system of NGOs, multilateral and bilateral organizations, and successive Haitian governments that have often damaged Haitian national development (Freeman, ; Lombart, Pierrat, & Redon, ). Nonetheless, the explicit identification of multiple actors affecting HTAs’ role in Haitian reconstruction allows for a more dynamic understanding of the role of trust in the Haitian development process.…”