Portable All-in-One Electroanalytical Device for Point of Care

Abstract

Recent technological advancements such as an expansion of available biomarkers and an incremental burden of chronic and infectious diseases made point of care (POC) devices in strong demand. It has a potential to surpass conventional lab-based devices in terms of time, cost, accessibility, and even accuracy. This potential strongly depends on an availability of affordable and miniaturized electronic POC devices that can provide a fast and sensitive response. This paper presents an all-in-one electroanalytical device (AED) which is a cost-effective, field-ready, and miniaturized electronic POC device integrated with the most commonly used electroanalytical techniques such as amperometric, voltammetric, potentiometric, conductometric, and impedimetric techniques. The proposed AED can analyze multiple electrochemical sensors simultaneously while having a very small size of 48 mm × 37 mm, including eight disposable screen-printed electrochemical sensor (SPES) connectors. The device supports wired communication using a universal serial bus (USB) and wireless communication with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Furthermore, user-friendly customized Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been developed to control the device and send obtained data to the user. The system is evaluated through electrical tests to confirm the device accuracy. Subsequently, electrochemical experiments were conducted to evaluate device's performance in the field. These experiments indicated that the developed device operates as an electrochemical sensing device for POC applications. The proposed portable electroanalytical device can perform the most of electroanalytical methods in a single device which has very small form factor and capability to interpret multiple sensors at a time with user friendly interface.

REASSURED diagnostics at point-of-care in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

“…Primary studies assessing cost effectiveness could potentially assist in evaluating generated data and developing future studies that assess the sustainability of REASSURED POC devices in SSA. Our study further revealed the vast contrast in the amount of knowledge generated through primary studies from lab-based REASSURED diagnostics compared to studies generated for POC tests which are user-friendly for patients [18,[20][21][22][23][24]29,37]. We could not retrieve any evidence on the SARS-CoV-2 virus REASSURED POC tests despite the scale of the pandemic.…”

“…Full-article screening led to the inclusion of five articles and exclusion of 19 articles which did not meet the inclusion criteria (Fig 1). Articles were excluded due to the following reasons: reported on laboratory-based POC diagnostic services [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], were not conducted in SSA [18,24,[26][27][28][29], commentary article [30], and focused on the wrong population [27,28].…”

Watch-Type Dual-Mode Wearable Health Device

“…The enzymes glucose oxidase (GOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are required to make a glucose solution. 32 Hence, a 12 mM glucose solution was prepared using a buffer solution and D-(+)-Glucose (⩾99.5%). All the chemicals were purchased at Sigma-Aldrich (MA, USA).…”

“…Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of the firmware for the amperometry. 32 For establishing the amperometry circuit, internal blocks of the MCU are utilized like 8-bit digital to analog converter (DAC), operational amplifier (op-amp), TIA, and 12-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Analyzing Electrochemical Sensing Fundamentals for Health Applications

“…[237] Park et al proposed an all-in-one electroanalytical device (AED), a miniaturized electronic POC device integrated with the most used electroanalytical techniques, such as amperometric, voltammetric, potentiometric, conductometric, and impedimetric techniques. [238] In simultaneous sensing, less solution is needed for analysis, enabling the practical use of matrixes that may be difficult to harvest, such as sweat or breath. [239,240] The potential for sweat or breath to become the matrix of choice for roadside tests and wearable biosensors is increasing, as sensors can detect progressively smaller concentrations of biomarkers.…”