“…However, the issue arises when the interfacial materials are high in cost, there is a complicated manufacturing process involved, and no individual part is detachable from one another in all of these assemblies. For instance, the high-in-cost metal-based conductive paste, Ag paste, was coated on the Ag contact of an MAPbI 3 -based perovskite solar cell and in contact with an activated carbon (AC) supercapacitor . The photocharging time duration of the photosupercapacitor with Ag paste as the interface was reduced by 90% from 22 s in wire connection to 2 s. Although the high conductivity of the Ag paste interface leads to promising effective current transmission, the utilization of Ag paste induces further metal mining, which is less environmentally friendly.…”