A powerful
and promising route for developing chemically stable
luminescent sensors for visible sensing of toxic pesticides in water
and actual food samples is presented. Herein, a novel twofold interpenetrated
luminescent metal–organic framework (MOF), Cd-TM, is prepared
by incorporating 2-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carbaldehyde as the imidazole-containing
tridentate coordination linker and the luminescent organic bridging
linker 4,4′,4″-tricarboxyltriphenylamine (H3tca) into a framework. Thanks to the imidazole coordination and structurally
interpenetrated nature, the MOF exhibits high fluorescence stability
and water stability up to 6 months. Fluorescence titration experiments
reveal that Cd-TM shows rapid and ultrasensitive fluorescence response
to p-nitroaniline compared with other nitroanilines
with the limit of detection of about 8 nM. In particular, the Cd-TM
material also shows high sensitivity to detect dicloran (DCN, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline)
pesticides with the structure similar to that of p-NA. The detection limit is 7.6 nM, which is found to be superior
to those of the recently reported MOF-based sensors. In addition,
the detection mechanism of DCN is studied by FT-IR analysis, SEM/EDX
elemental mapping, XPS, and theoretical calculations. Practically,
the recoveries of spiked environmental samples were found to be satisfactory
(95.8–106.4%). Further, Cd-TM is also used for the rapid in
situ nondestructive imaging detection of pesticide residues in simulated
fresh agricultural products. These results indicate that Cd-TM has
the potential to detect organophosphorus pesticide contamination with
rapid in situ imaging via easy-to-read visual signals.