Portable Tools for COVID-19 Point-of-Care Detection: A Review

Abstract

Recently, several methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection have been developed to obtain rapid, portable, cheap, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools. This review paper summarizes and discusses studies on the development of point-of-care devices for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis with comparisons between them from several aspects. Various detection methods of the recently developed portable COVID-19 biosensor will be presented in this review. The discussion is divided into four major classifications based on the target biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2, such as antibodies, nucleic acids, antigens, and metabolic products. An overview of the potential development for future study is also provided. Moreover, basic knowledge of biosensors is also explained for tutoring the implementation of theory into the research of COVID-19 biosensors. This review paper is aimed to provide a tutorial by collecting the information on the development of a point-of-care device for SARS-CoV-2 detection to provide information for further research and propose the new COVID-19 portable diagnostic tool.

Nanotechnology and COVID-19: Prevention, diagnosis, vaccine, and treatment strategies

“…In the last 20 years, the biosensor-based instruments have been accelerated in medical diagnostics, because of their biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and potential for mass production (Bahl et al, 2020;Xu and Li, 2020;Mobed and Sepehri Shafigh, 2021;Zare et al, 2021). Currently, various types of biosensors have great commercialization potential to meet the challenges posed by the COVID-19 (Murugan et al, 2020;Fani et al, 2021;Saki et al, 2021). Certainly, these sensors have enormous potential in other fields, containing medical diagnostics, and warrant further research (More, 2021;Narita et al, 2021;.…”

Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers

“…Four primary methods have been developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection, including nucleic acid (NA)-based testing, antibody-based testing, antigen based-testing, and computed tomography (CT) chest scans [ 4 ]. The use of CT chest scans produces results with high accuracy and sensitivity (67–100%), but low specificity (25–80%), and they do not distinguish between pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 from other types of viral pneumonia [ 5 ].…”

Facile and Unplugged Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor with NIR-Emitting Perovskite Nanocomposites for Fast Detection of SARS-CoV-2

“… 4 This need has driven researchers to develop sensitive portable biosensing platforms targeting biomarkers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) such as antibodies, nucleic acids, antigens, and metabolic products. 6 Among these, serology tests measuring serum antibodies (like IgG or IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins) are inexpensive and easy but have relatively high false-negative and false-positive rates. 3 Moreover, measuring gaseous molecules in the composition of metabolites is still in development and can be affected by alcohol.…”

“…However, the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in recent years tells us that an easy-to-operate, field-deployable biosensing platform could provide a great help in preventing the spread of the disease − since portable platforms could be transported to regions lacking large labs for on-site detection . This need has driven researchers to develop sensitive portable biosensing platforms targeting biomarkers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) such as antibodies, nucleic acids, antigens, and metabolic products . Among these, serology tests measuring serum antibodies (like IgG or IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins) are inexpensive and easy but have relatively high false-negative and false-positive rates .…”

“…4 This need has driven researchers to develop sensitive portable biosensing platforms targeting biomarkers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) such as antibodies, nucleic acids, antigens, and metabolic products. 6 Among these, serology tests measuring serum antibodies (like IgG or IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins) are inexpensive and easy This article is made available via the ACS COVID-19 subset for unrestricted RESEARCH re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.…”