Portal Vein Anomalies in the Dog: Their Angiographic Diagnosis<sup>1</sup>

Suter, Peter F.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1975.tb01324.x

Cited by 96 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Angiography has been used widely as a diagnostic test for portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats (Suter 1975, Schmidt andSuter 1980, Wrigley and others 1987b, Birchard and others 1989), but (Suter 1975) or use less specific terms such as intrahepatic venous anomaly (Komtebedde and others 1991); others distinguish leftand right-sided shunts , Bostwick and Twedt 1995, Hunt and others 1996, Lamb and others 1996, Swalec Tobias and Rawlings 1996, White and others 1996a. The aim of the present study was to describe the morphology of canine and feline congenital intrahepatic portacaval shunts as a possible aid to their surgical management.…”

Section: Morphology Of Congenital Intrahepatic Portacaval Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of congenital intrahepatic portacaval shunts in dogs and cats

Lamb

White

1998

Veterinary Record

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The preoperative ultrasound images and biplanar operative mesenteric portograms of 28 dogs and six cats with congenital intrahepatic portacaval shunts were reviewed retrospectively. On the basis of the combined surgical, postmortem and imaging data, the shunts were classified according to their location within the liver and their shape. Thirteen dogs and four cats had a left-divisional shunt with a relatively consistent bent tubular shape that drained into the left hepatic vein. Another 13 dogs had a central-divisional shunt that took the form of a foramen between dilated portions of the intrahepatic portal vein and caudal vena cava. One cat with a central-divisional shunt had a tortuous vessel. The remaining two dogs and one cat had right-divisional shunts that were large, tortuous vessels. The morphology of a left-divisional shunt is compatible with patent ductus venosus, but the pathogenesis of central and right-divisional shunts is unknown. It is concluded that intrahepatic portacaval shunts in dogs and cats may be classified as left, central or right divisional. Ultrasound enables a preoperative morphological assessment that correlates well with the results of portography and may aid surgical planning.

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Section: Morphology Of Congenital Intrahepatic Portacaval Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of congenital intrahepatic portacaval shunts in dogs and cats

Lamb

White

1998

Veterinary Record

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“…The dilated left testicular or ovarian vein is the result of splenic-renal collateral circulation, which is the most consistently observed route of APSSs in dogs. 3,4,31 The left testicular or ovarian vein enters the left renal vein in normal dogs, but is so thin that it cannot be visualized ultrasonographically. As a result of sustained hepatic or prehepatic portal hypertension, the virtual communications between the velaromental radicles of the splenic vein and the mesocolic radicles of the left testicular or ovarian vein become functional and these rudimentary vessels dilate, allowing portal blood to shunt into the systemic veins and resulting in dilation of the left testicular or ovarian vein.…”

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic findings in dogs with hyperammonemia: 90 cases (2000–2002)

Szatmári¹,

Rothuizen²,

Ingh³

et al. 2004

javma

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Objective—To determine ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with hyperammonemia. Design—Retrospective study. Animals—90 client-owned dogs with hyperammonemia. Procedure—Ultrasonography of the abdominal vessels and organs was performed in a systematic way. Dogs in which the ultrasonographic diagnosis was a congenital portosystemic shunt were included only if they underwent laparotomy or necropsy. Dogs in which the abdominal vasculature appeared normal and dogs in which the ultrasonographic diagnosis was acquired portosystemic shunts and portal hypertension were included only if liver biopsy specimens were submitted for histologic examination. Results—Ultrasonography excluded portosystemic shunting in 11 dogs. Acquired portosystemic shunts were found in 17 dogs, of which 3 had arterioportal fistulae and 14 had other hepatic abnormalities. Congenital portosystemic shunts were found in 61 dogs, of which 19 had intrahepatic shunts and 42 had extrahepatic shunts. Intrahepatic shunts originated from the left portal branch in 14 dogs and the right portal branch in 5. Extrahepatic shunts originated from the splenic vein, the right gastric vein, or both and entered the caudal vena cava or the thorax. Ultrasonography revealed splenic-caval shunts in 24 dogs, right gastric-caval shunts in 9 dogs, splenic-azygos shunts in 8 dogs, and a right gastric-azygos shunt in 1 dog. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that ultrasonography is a reliable diagnostic method to noninvasively characterize the underlying disease in dogs with hyperammonemia. A dilated left testicular or ovarian vein was a reliable indicator of acquired portosystemic shunts. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:717–727)

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“…Such approaches can provide surgeons with useful information and knowledge for the safe removal of affected liver parts. Detailed knowledge of the liver vessel anatomy is also crucial to understanding the spatial relationships among liver structures that enable correct interpretation/recognition of (i) radiographic and computed tomography scans, (ii) ultrasound images and (iii) intrahepatic vascular anomalies [9], including extra-or intrahepatic left-and right-sided vessel shunts [4,11,12] and patent venous ducts [17]. Research into hollow liver structure arrangement has been based on the studies of formalin-fixed specimens, angiograms and corrosion casts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%