Ports closed to cruise ships in the context of COVID-19: What choices are there for coastal states?

Abstract

In the COVID-19 context will coastal States open their ports to cruise ships to meet the needs of people in danger? Can they prefer a more self-centered approach to protect their territory and exercise their sovereignty? The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal framework for the management of health risk by coastal States in the context of the coronavirus threat on cruise ships. The lack of a clearly defined common management strategy in face of major health risk complicates the situation. Only cooperation between flag States and port States will make it possible to overcome any conflicts of implementation between the State sovereignty principle and assistance to persons in distress at sea.

The Coevolutionary Process of Maritime Management of Shipping Industry in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…It is unprecedented in the history of IMO to issue so many circular letters in less than two years dealing with the subject of the pandemic. Recently there have been studies on cruise management [1][2][3], ship inspection [4], Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of hotels [7], and air transport emergency strategies [8,9]. However, few articles have examined maritime management in the shipping industry from the perspective of maritime proposals.…”

“…It seeks to answer how the shipping industry adapted its maritime management practices to assist stakeholders in addressing adversity during the different phases of the disaster. This study introduced theories of crisis management and organization resilience and adopted the research methodology of corpus linguistics [19] to evaluate a vast Recently there have been studies on cruise management [1][2][3], ship inspection [4], Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of hotels [7], and air transport emergency strategies [8,9]. However, few articles have examined maritime management in the shipping industry from the perspective of maritime proposals.…”

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global shipping industry, causing a severe crisis [1][2][3][4]. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has calculated that the amount of international seaborne trade fell by 4.1% in 2020 [5].…”

The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Maritime Industry and the Role of the Ship Registries

“…Additionally, in specific geographical areas, such as in the Asia-Pacific, national authorities have stepped in almost total restriction of the approach of cruise vessels, thus causing problems in the smooth movement of crew in and out of the ships. Due to the above-mentioned situation, it has been reported that in many cases the shipowners have refused to pay the seafarers' strand benefits [20].…”

Has COVID-19 had an impact on prices? The case of the cruise industry

“…The majority of the other cruise companies expect to resume their activity between May and August 2021 (Medcruise 2021 ). By looking back at these previous months, we can see that there has not been an agreed strategy between flag states and the states have been interested in protecting their territory, so that the cruise industry faces a major challenge due to the fact that itineraries go through different countries (Choquet and Sam-Lefebvre 2021 ).…”