PoseFly: On-site Pose Parsing of Swarming Drones via 4-in-1 Optical Camera Communication

Enhancing Optical Camera Communication Performance for Collaborative Communication Using Positioning Information

“…In intelligent transportation systems (ITS), one application of collective intelligence is platooning, which significantly reduces fuel consumption and provides a smooth traffic flow [7]. In drone systems, collective intelligence is used to establish drone swarming when performing certain goals, such as formation control [8], espionage [9], or defense mechanisms [10]. Moreover, collective intelligence is widely used in robotics applications to create multi-agent systems, in which robots perform collaborative actions to accomplish a certain mission [11].…”

“…Communication based on RF is also widely employed in drone systems to provide reliable communication between the drones. However, RF-based systems are prone to signal jamming [8] and spoofing [13], which could break the collective intelligence in the drone system and incur a higher risk of information leakage. In the field of robotics, there are certain applications where RF-based communication cannot be used, such as underwater situations.…”

“…To solve these issues, OCC has emerged as an alternative solution for replacing RF-based communications. For example, OCC has been widely proposed in ITS as a promising technology for vehicular communication because it allows for direct point-to-point communication between vehicles, resulting in significantly reduced latency [8]. In vehicular applications, the OCC receiver is mounted on the windshield of the vehicle to allow reading the transmitted data from the vehicle in front, while the transmitter is mounted on the tail lamp to send information to the following vehicle.…”

“…Several studies have applied OCC to drone systems. For example, Zhang et al [8] proposed OCC for effectively controlling drone swarming. Long-range drone communication was also performed by Takano et al [14], where longdistance OCC-based drone communication was achieved over a distance of 300 m. Importantly, it is easy to integrate OCC with existing ITS, drone, or robotics systems because most modern systems use image sensors for perception, meaning no changes are required in terms of hardware configuration when adopting OCC.…”