Position-Free Vital Sign Monitoring: Measurements and Processing

Abstract

International audienceAs traditional electrodes are perturbing for patients in critical cases such as for burn victims or newborn infants, and even to detect life sign under rubble, a contactless monitoring system for the life signs is a necessity. The aim of this chapter is to present a complete process used in detecting cardiopulmonary activities. This includes a microwave Doppler radar system that detects the body wall motion and signal processing techniques in order to extract the heartbeat rate. Measurements are performed at different positions simultaneously with a PC-based electrocardiogram (ECG). For a distance of 1 m between the subject and the antennas, measurements are performed for breathing subject at four positions: front, back, left, and right. Discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the heartbeat signal from the cardiopulmonary signal. The proposed system and signal processing techniques show high accuracy in detecting the cardiopulmonary signals and extracting the heartbeat rate

A Survey on Vital Signs Detection Using Radar Techniques and Processing With FPGA Implementation

“…CW [1], [3], [8], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35] UWB-IR [2], [10], [21], [36], [37], [38], [39], [4], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50] FMCW [8], [7], [51], [52], [53], [54], SFCW [2], [9], [55], [56], [57] [58] A. CW Radar The authors in [1] used a CW Doppler and a pulse radar to wirelessly detect heart signal and breathing signal. Several sources of signal distortion were also...…”

“…Next, in [20], a CW radar and its corresponding processing techniques are used to detect cardiopulmonary activities of human body. Detection is performed at several body positions and scenarios.…”

“…The classification of literature based on the processing platform is particularly useful when determining specific platforms for the implementation of different algorithms. [20], [22], [23], [25], [26], [28], [37], [35], [7], [38], [39], [55], [56], [57], [70], [71] FPGA [2], [21], [31], [54], [40], [43], [44], [45], [49], [62], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76] FPGA (not specifically for vital sign detection) [52], [53], [68], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84] SoC [42] DSP [30] FPGA-GPU [69] PC-microcontroller [29], [27] DSP-microcontroller…”

“…It is inevitable that detected signals via radars are required to be transferred/communicated in some way to another location. Several frequency bands used for communication in biomedical applications such as the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band, the UWB band, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) band, Bluetooth frequency band, WLAN frequency band and Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) frequency band [20], [85]. Recently, several approaches for vital sign detection integrated with communication approaches have been proposed.…”

Modelling of Chest Wall Motion for Cardiorespiratory Activity for Radar-Based NCVS Systems

“…However, as the heart rate variability is observed for cardiac activity, the chest wall displacement varies considerably with respect to time. This implies that the shape of chest wall motion pulse varies considerably and cannot be simplified to a simplistic sinusoidal model [ 23 , 24 , 25 ] and hence the design performance of the system cannot be analyzed comprehensively through a sinusoidal mathematical model. Addressing the mentioned issue, a mathematical model of chest wall movements due to cardiorespiratory activity is proposed in this paper.…”