“…Because fiber consumption is associated with reduced risk of numerous chronic diseases (8), consumption of pulses (beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils), which are high in fiber, is recommended in dietary guidelines (48). Pulses, given their contents of oligosaccharides, nonstarch polysaccharides, and resistant starches, would be expected to have significant effects on the gut microbiota and its activities, which in turn may mitigate inflammation and disease risk (6).…”