Position sensitive measurement of lithium traces in brain tissue with neutrons

Lichtinger, Josef; Gernhäuser, R.; Bauer, Andreas; Bendel, Michael; Canella, L.; Graw, Matthias; Krücken, R.; Kudějová, P.; Mützel, Elisabeth; Ring, S.; Seiler, D.; Winkler, S.; Zeitelhack, K.; Schöpfer, J.

doi:10.1118/1.4774053

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For quantitative analysis, the spectra of a Li reference sample coated by vapor deposition with a well‐defined amount of Li ( λ ref =50 μg LiF nat cm −2 ) was used. The basic concept of the detection method and its specific application for Li‐ion battery electrodes was described in detail elsewhere …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Design Principles for Silicon‐Coated Nanostructured Electrode Materials and their Application in High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Silicon is considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for next‐generation, high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries as it demonstrates an exceptionally high specific capacity an order of magnitude beyond that of conventional graphite. The poor capacity retention, caused by the mechanical fracturing of Si because of the extreme volumetric and structural changes upon Li insertion/extraction, has triggered significant attention in the development of Si‐coated nanostructures that can accommodate the lithiation‐induced strain. In parallel, various spectroscopic studies and simulations have been conducted to understand the details of volumetric expansion, fracture, mechanical stress evolution, and structural changes in Si‐coated nanostructures. This publication reports a systematic lithiation/delithiation study of Si‐coated, anodically grown, self‐organized TiO2 nanotubes with different Si‐layer thicknesses. It is demonstrated for the first time that a “sweet spot” for the Si‐coating thickness is formed at which the specific lithiation capacity of the composite material reaches its maximum, which declines quickly for higher coating thicknesses. Furthermore, our results suggest that such a Si‐thickness‐dependent optimum in the specific lithiation capacity is immanent to any Si‐coated nanostructured electrode.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Design Principles for Silicon‐Coated Nanostructured Electrode Materials and their Application in High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…The detector as well as the target are tilted by y = 251 with respect to the axis of the neutron beam. 60 For quantitative analysis, the spectrum of a Li reference sample coated by vapor deposition with a well-defined amount of Li (l ref = 50 mg LiF nat cm À2 ) has been used. Fig.…”

Section: Triton Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking areal lithium densities from neutron activation – quantitative Li determination in self-organized TiO₂ nanotube anode materials for Li-ion batteries

Portenkirchner

Neri

Lichtinger

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Nanostructuring of electrode materials is a promising approach to enhance the performance of next-generation, high-energy density lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Various experimental and theoretical approaches allow for a detailed understanding of solid-state or surface-controlled reactions that occur in nanoscaled electrode materials. While most techniques which are suitable for nanomaterial investigations are restricted to analysis widths of the order of Å to some nm, they do not allow for characterization over the length scales of interest for electrode design, which is typically in the order of mm. In this work, three different self-organized anodic titania nanotube arrays, comprising as-grown amorphous titania nanotubes, carburized anatase titania nanotubes, and silicon coated carburized anatase titania nanotubes, have been synthesized and studied as model composite anodes for use in Li-ion batteries. Their 2D areal Li densities have been successfully reconstructed with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution over lateral electrode dimensions of 20 mm exploiting the Li(n,α)H reaction, in spite of the extremely small areal Li densities (10-20 μg cm Li) in the nanotubular active material. While the average areal Li densities recorded via triton analysis are found to be in good agreement with the electrochemically measured charges during lithiation, triton analysis revealed, for certain nanotube arrays, areas with a significantly higher Li content ('hot spots') compared to the average. In summary, the presented technique is shown to be extremely well suited for analysis of the lithiation behavior of nanostructured electrode materials with very low Li concentrations. Furthermore, identification of lithiation anomalies is easily possible, which allows for fundamental studies and thus for further advancement of nanostructured Li-ion battery electrodes.

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“…Lithium medication is also associated with thyroid [ 28 ] and kidney dysfunction [ 29 ]. In spite of these previous findings, no study has reported lithium distribution in the body, except in the brain and in serum, with capillary ion analysis [ 30 ] and neutron capture reaction [ 31 ], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of lithium in breast milk and in situ elemental analysis of the mammary gland

Ahmed¹,

Manno²,

Manno³

et al. 2018

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Breast feeding provides considerable benefits to the infant and mother. However, a lithium-based psychiatric medication may cause side effects in the child. Using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), trace lithium levels were observed in the breast milk of lactating rats administered with lithium treatment postpartum. Subsequently, the mammary glands of female rats were analyzed using LIBS, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Key biological elements iron, magnesium, cobalt, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iodine, potassium, sulfur, chlorine and zinc were observed. Lithium at 1.06 µg/g was measured in the mammary glands of treated subjects, but was below the limit of detection in controls. Lithium also increased iodine content in the glands. Lithium is present in the breast milk and mammary glands of lithium treated female subjects and this is the likely route of entry to breast-fed infants.

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Position sensitive measurement of lithium traces in brain tissue with neutrons

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Optimized Design Principles for Silicon‐Coated Nanostructured Electrode Materials and their Application in High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Optimized Design Principles for Silicon‐Coated Nanostructured Electrode Materials and their Application in High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Tracking areal lithium densities from neutron activation – quantitative Li determination in self-organized TiO₂ nanotube anode materials for Li-ion batteries

Detection of lithium in breast milk and in situ elemental analysis of the mammary gland

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Position sensitive measurement of lithium traces in brain tissue with neutrons

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Optimized Design Principles for Silicon‐Coated Nanostructured Electrode Materials and their Application in High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Optimized Design Principles for Silicon‐Coated Nanostructured Electrode Materials and their Application in High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Tracking areal lithium densities from neutron activation – quantitative Li determination in self-organized TiO2 nanotube anode materials for Li-ion batteries

Detection of lithium in breast milk and in situ elemental analysis of the mammary gland

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Tracking areal lithium densities from neutron activation – quantitative Li determination in self-organized TiO₂ nanotube anode materials for Li-ion batteries