Positional behaviour of olive baboons (Papio anubis) and its relationship to maintenance and social activities

Rose, Michael D.

doi:10.1007/bf02382953

Cited by 155 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our goal in this part of the study was to compare the trabecular architecture of similarly sized primates with Achilles of similar lengths (Table 1) to test whether different locomotor patterns alone can explain trabecular differences. Gibbons are arboreal brachiators that also occasionally travel bipedally , whereas baboons travel quadrupedally on a semiplantigrade foot, and are primarily terrestrial (Rose, 1977). Small foam pieces were used to hold the calcanei in place during scanning.…”

Section: Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Achilles Tendon on Trabecular Structure in the Primate Calcaneus

Kuo

DeSilva

Devlin

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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Humans possess the longest Achilles tendon relative to total muscle length of any primate, an anatomy that is beneficial for bipedal locomotion. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Achilles tendon has been challenging, in part because soft tissue does not fossilize. The only skeletal evidence for Achilles tendon anatomy in extinct taxa is the insertion site on the calcaneal tuber, which is rarely preserved in the fossil record and, when present, is equivocal for reconstructing tendon morphology. In this study, we used high-resolution three-dimensional microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to quantify the microstructure of the trabecular bone underlying the Achilles tendon insertion site in baboons, gibbons, chimpanzees, and humans to test the hypothesis that trabecular orientation differs among primates with different tendon morphologies. Surprisingly, despite their very different Achilles tendon lengths, we were unable to find differences between the trabecular properties of chimpanzee and human calcanei in this specific region. There were regional differences within the calcaneus in the degree of anisotropy (DA) in both chimpanzees and humans, though the patterns were similar between the two species (higher DA inferiorly in the calcaneal tuber). Our results suggest that while trabecular bone within the calcaneus varies, it does not respond to the variation of Achilles tendon morphology across taxa in the way we hypothesized. These results imply that internal bone architecture may not be informative for reconstructing Achilles tendon anatomy in early hominins. Anat Rec, 296:1509Rec, 296: -1517Rec, 296: , 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Achilles Tendon on Trabecular Structure in the Primate Calcaneus

Kuo

DeSilva

Devlin

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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“…However, postures only form a minor part of the activities performed by a primate besides locomotion. Over the past years, some effort has been made to find an ordering system for postural behaviours (Fontaine, 1990;Hunt et al, 1996) but other activities have hardly been considered (Ripley, 1967;Rose, 1977). Therefore, neither the evolutionary history of non-locomotory behaviours nor the potential relationship between morphology and these kinds of motor function have yet been investigated in any kind of detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion and postural behaviour

Schmidt

2011

Adv. Sci. Res.

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Abstract. The purpose of this article is to provide a survey of the diversity of primate locomotor behaviour for people who are involved in research using laboratory primates. The main locomotor modes displayed by primates are introduced with reference to some general morphological adaptations. The relationships between locomotor behaviour and body size, habitat structure and behavioural context will be illustrated because these factors are important determinants of the evolutionary diversity of primate locomotor activities. They also induce the high individual plasticity of the locomotor behaviour for which primates are well known. The article also provides a short overview of the preferred locomotor activities in the various primate families. A more detailed description of locomotor preferences for some of the most common laboratory primates is included which also contains information about substrate preferences and daily locomotor activities which might useful for laboratory practice. Finally, practical implications for primate husbandry and cage design are provided emphasizing the positive impact of physical activity on health and psychological well-being of primates in captivity.

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“…tional activities at 5-6 months of age (Rose, 1977). Therefore, it is reasonable to presume that KNM-BG 37800, which is probably aged 6-15 months, was already engaged in active independent locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Postcranial bones of infant Nacholapithecus: ontogeny and positional behavioral adaptation

Nakatsukasa

Kunimatsu

Nakano

et al. 2007

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We describe the postcranial bones of a partial skeleton of a male infant Nacholapithecus kerioi (KNM-BG 37800) from the Middle Miocene of Kenya. The skeletal elements are associated with dental remains and its age is presumed to be 6-15 months based on a comparison with an infant Proconsul heseloni with a similar dental growth stage. The postcranial elements include the left scapula, a lumbar vertebra, left distal humerus, right proximal ulna, right radius, right and left proximal femora, a proximal fragment of metatarsal, and proximal and intermediate phalanges. Its body mass was estimated as 3.0 kg from shaft dimensions of the humerus and femur. At this early postnatal developmental stage, N. kerioi can be distinguished from P. heseloni in several postcranial features: a caudally projecting lumbar spinous process, strong dorsal divergence of the scapular spine, a coronoid fossa which is more developed than the radial fossa, higher neck shaft angle of the femur, taller trochlea of phalanges, and a lower brachial index. These features, except for the last, agree with the previously proposed positional behavioral reconstruction of N. kerioi, in which vertical climbing, orthograde clambering, transferring, or bridging are relatively important compared with P. heseloni. The apparently low brachial index results from a comparatively short radius for the predicted body mass. This might imply a relatively slow pace of growth in the radius of N. kerioi. However, it might result from body mass overestimation, incorrect length reconstruction, or individual variation. Its interpretation must await further specimens.

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Positional behaviour of olive baboons (Papio anubis) and its relationship to maintenance and social activities

Cited by 155 publications

References 44 publications

The Effect of the Achilles Tendon on Trabecular Structure in the Primate Calcaneus

The Effect of the Achilles Tendon on Trabecular Structure in the Primate Calcaneus

Locomotion and postural behaviour

Postcranial bones of infant Nacholapithecus: ontogeny and positional behavioral adaptation

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