Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols from subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed diets enriched with conjugated linoleic acid, corn oil, or beef tallow

King, D. A.; Behrends, J.M.; Jenschke, Blaine E.; Rhoades, Ryan; Smith, Stephen B.

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.01.006

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Method B indicated that oleic acid is the major fatty acid at the sn-2 position in pork TAGs (average 47.5%) and more importantly, it showed that palmitic acid is preferentially esterified to positions sn-1,3. Similar results were obtained by King et al (2004) who used the same methodology of analysis (Method B). Method B underestimates the concentration of palmitic acid in sn-2, which obviously affects the rest of the fatty acid evaluation.…”

Section: (See Materials and Methods 24)supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Isabel et al (2003) and Hallenstvedt et al (2012) revealed that changes in dietary fat, specifically in PUFA, MUFA and SFA levels, had a direct effect on shoulder fat firmness. Smith et al (1998) and King et al (2004) analyzed the effect caused by changes in dietary fat on the positional distribution of FAs in TAGs and they related some of such observed changes with variations in adipose tissue melting points. They reported that palmitic acid and stearic acid accumulated in sn-1,3 positions increased the slip and melting points in bovine adipose tissue.…”

Section: (See Materials and Methods 24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of analytical techniques for the determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols. Relationship with pig fat melting point and hardness

Segura¹,

Ruiz-López²,

Menoyo³

et al. 2015

Grasas y Aceites

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SUMMARY:This study was conducted to compare two of the most widely used methods for the determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids within the triacylglycerol molecules from fats of animal origin. Method A involves incubation of the triacylglycerol fraction with an aqueous suspension of the lipase enzyme, separation of the reaction products by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. Method B eliminates the need for TLC. This technique makes use of the fact that methanolic-NaOH methylates only fatty acids esterified to glycerol. Our results demonstrated that method A data were in line with previous literature. Additionally, method A showed good correlations between fatty acid positional distribution and fat melting point and hardness. However, method B showed an underestimation of palmitic acid and lacked correlation with selected physical properties. KEYWORDS: Basic methylation; Fatty acids; Positional distribution; TLC; Triacylglycerides RESUMEN:Comparación de técnicas analíticas usadas para la determinación de la distribución posicional de ácidos grasos en los triacilglicéridos. Relación con el punto de fusión y la dureza de la grasa de cerdo. Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de comparar los dos métodos más comúnmente utilizados en la determinación de la distribución posicional de ácidos grasos en las moléculas de triacilglicéridos de grasas de origen animal. El método A consiste en la incubación de los triacilglicéridos en una suspensión acuosa de la enzima lipasa, la separación de los productos por cromatografía de capa fina (TLC), y el posterior análisis de los ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos de cada fracción mediante cromatografía gas-líquido. El método B elimina la separación por TLC. Este método se basa en que la metilación básica (NaOH) únicamente metila los ácidos grasos esterificados al glicerol. Cuando analizamos grasa subcutánea de cerdo, nuestros resultados demuestran que los datos obtenidos con el método A estuvieron en concordancia con resultados publicados anteriormente. Además el método A mostró una buena correlación entre la distribución de los ácidos grasos y el punto de fusión y dureza de las grasas analizadas. Sin embargo, el método B condujo a una subestimación del ácido palmítico y a resultados carentes de correlación con las propiedades físicas citadas.

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Section: (See Materials and Methods 24)supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: (See Materials and Methods 24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of analytical techniques for the determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols. Relationship with pig fat melting point and hardness

Segura¹,

Ruiz-López²,

Menoyo³

et al. 2015

Grasas y Aceites

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“…In our study, 7 days of 250 M 10E,12Z-CLA treatment were necessary to induce functional fatty acid oxidation, despite increased Cpt-1 ␣ and infl ammatory gene expression with lower doses after only 2 days. There is mounting evidence that 10E,12Z-CLA does not circulate at measurable levels in human plasma ( 52, 53 ) but accumulates over time within adipose tissue ( 54,55 ). Therefore, the chosen dose of 250 M is within the range expected others suggests that the majority of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are anti-infl ammatory ( 27,62 ), likely due to their ability to serve as PPAR ␥ ligands ( 63 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

10E,12Z-conjugated linoleic acid impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species

Hartigh

Wang

Omer

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org adverse conditions, such as systemic and adipose tissue infl ammation, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease ( 3, 4 ). Representing the major cellular constituent of adipose tissue, adipocytes are now regarded as prominent players in the metabolic as well as hormonal regulation of adiposity. In addition to their primary function of energy storage and release, adipocytes secrete a variety of adipokines and lipid factors involved in energy homeostasis, feeding behavior, insulin sensitivity, and infl ammation ( 5, 6 ). Despite the fundamental role adipose tissue plays in whole-body metabolism, nutritive mechanisms that contribute to its maintenance in the context of obesity remain poorly understood.Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) includes at least 28 naturally occurring isomers of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2), defi ned by conjugated double bonds in different geometric and positional locations. Of these, cis -9, trans -11 (9Z,11E) and trans -10, cis -12 (10E,12Z) CLA are the most abundantly found in the food supply ( 7 ). Based on current evidence that CLA reduces adiposity, several formulations containing equal amounts of the 9Z,11E and 10E,12Z isomers are widely available in supplement form ( 8-10 ). Most evidence attributes the majority of the adiposity-reducing properties to the 10E,12Z-CLA isomer ( 11,12 ), and therefore, Abstract Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring dietary trans fatty acid found in food from ruminant sources. One specifi c CLA isomer, 10E,12Z-CLA, has been associated with health benefi ts, such as reduced adiposity, while simultaneously promoting deleterious effects, such as systemic infl ammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The precise mechanisms by which 10E,12Z-CLA exerts these effects remain unknown. Despite potential health consequences, CLA continues to be advertised as a natural weight loss supplement, warranting further studies on its effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that 10E,12Z-CLA impairs lipid storage in adipose tissue by altering the lipid metabolism of white adipocytes. We demonstrate that 10E,12Z-CLA reduced triglyceride storage due to enhanced fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis, coupled with diminished glucose uptake and utilization in cultured adipocytes. This switch to lipid utilization was accompanied by a potent proinfl ammatory response, including the generation of cytokines, monocyte chemotactic factors, and mitochondrial superoxide. Disrupting fatty acid oxidation restored glucose utilization and attenuated the infl ammatory response to 10E,12Z-CLA, suggesting that fatty acid oxidation is critical in promoting this phenotype. With further investigation into the biochemical pathways involved in adipocyte responses to 10E,12Z-CLA, we can discern more information about its safety and effi cacy in promoting weight loss. The prevalence of obesity and associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, is rapidly reaching epidemic proportio...

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“…Dietary supplementation of a CLA isomer mixture, regardless the presence of extra selenized yeast, seems to be an effi cient way of increasing the concentration of cis9trans11CLA and trans10cis12CLA in the liver and especially in femoral muscles of rats, as well as in other monogastric animals like rabbits, nutrias or pigs (King et al, 2004). The interaction between Se-Y and CLAmix results in a major increase in the Se concentration in the liver and especially in muscles; this increase is concomitant with increasing in the concentration of sulphur-, essential, and non-essential AA in muscles, thus protein synthesis and, consequently, rat body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CLA isomers play a principal role in many important physiological functions and may lead to changes in body composition, body fat reduction, overall energy expenditure or modulate immune function and inhibit tumorigenesis (Banni et al, 2004;King et al, 2004;Rainer and Heiss, 2004). Considering the above evidence, we investigated whether a diet enriched in Se-Y stimulated the accumulation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in rat livers and femoral muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary selenized yeast and CLA isomer mixture affect fatty- and amino acid concentrations in the femoral muscles and liver of rats

Czauderna¹,

Kowalczyk²,

Niedźwiedzka³

et al. 2009

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The effect of diets enriched in CLA isomer mixture (CLAmix) and/or selenized yeast (Se-Y) on the concentration of fatty acids (FA), amino acids (AA), Se, Fe and Zn in the liver and femoral muscles was studied on 4 groups of 7-8 rats aged 8 weeks. Rats were fed the Labofeed H diet for 29 days (control group) or the diet enriched with 2% CLAmix with or without 1.2 ppm Se as Se-Y (the experimental groups). Feeding the CLAmix-enriched diet reduced the body weight of rats, while the diet containing CLAmix and Se-Y increased it in comparison with the control rats. The muscle concentrations of non-essential and essential amino acids, and in particular, sulphur amino acids (ΣS-AA) can be signifi cantly increased, while the muscle concentration of total fatty acids (ΣFA), decreased by feeding the diet with Se-Y and CLAmix. Feeding the diet with Se-Y leads to signifi cant lowering of the ratios of ΣS-AA, methionine, cysteine and taurine to Se concentrations in the liver and muscles as compared with the control group. Dietary Se-Y or CLAmix lead to a decrease in the concentrations of atherogenic and thrombogenic saturated fatty acids (SFA) in muscles. Feeding the diet with Se-Y and CLAmix increased the concentration of Se and the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in the liver and muscles. There were also higher concentrations of cis9trans11CLA and t10c12CLA in the muscles compared with the concentrations of these isomers in the liver of rats fed the diets enriched in only CLAmix. Deposition in the liver and femoral muscle of trans10cis12CLA was higher in both tissues than cis9trans11CLA. The diet with CLAmix, regardless of the presence of Se-Y, decreased the rate of elongation and Δ5-, Δ9-desaturase capacities of in the liver and muscle. The diet with CLAmix effectively increased the ratio of PUFAn-3/SFA, 3 Corresponding author: e-mail: m.czauderna@ifzz.pan.pl 349 CZAUDERNA M. ET AL.PUFAn-6/SFA, PUFAn-3/ΣFA and PUFAn-6/ΣFA in muscles. The interaction between Se-Y and CLAmix decreased the capacity of liver and muscle desaturation, i.e. these dietary additives reduced the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to SFA in the liver and muscles.

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Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols from subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed diets enriched with conjugated linoleic acid, corn oil, or beef tallow

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of analytical techniques for the determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols. Relationship with pig fat melting point and hardness

Comparison of analytical techniques for the determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols. Relationship with pig fat melting point and hardness

10E,12Z-conjugated linoleic acid impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species

Dietary selenized yeast and CLA isomer mixture affect fatty- and amino acid concentrations in the femoral muscles and liver of rats

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