Positional Skull Deformities

Linz, Christian; Kunz, Felix; Böhm, Hartmut; Schweitzer, Tilmann

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0535

Cited by 26 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…It is known that DP may take a long time to resolve [28,36], and sometimes it may be permanent, as Ruby et al report the prevalence of deformational cranial abnormalities to be 2% in teens born after the ‘Back to Sleep’ campaign [36]. Furthermore, although DP is usually transient, it may be associated with delayed motor development or torticollis [11,13,33,34]. DP also associates with a rotation of the cranial base and the anterior displacement of the articular fossa on the affected side, which is hypothesized to cause facial asymmetry [37,38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, the reported prevalence of DP has risen as high as 46.6% in Canada [1,2,3]. However, the reported prevalence rates have a wide range, as the prevalence is affected by the evaluation age of the infants, the diagnostic methods used, the decade when the research was performed, and the prevention and follow-up aspects offered by local health professionals [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common visible features in DP are one-sided occipital flattening, forward displacement of the same-sided ear and malar complex, same-sided frontal bossing, and opposite side occipital bossing [11,12,13,14,15,16]. Frontal DP is uncommon [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 3D Follow-Up Study of Cranial Asymmetry from Early Infancy to Toddler Age after Preterm versus Term Birth

Launonen

Aarnivala

Kyteas

et al. 2019

JCM

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Preterm infants are at higher risk for both symmetrical and asymmetrical head molding. This study involved 3D stereophotogrammetry to assess the cranial growth, molding, and incidence of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) in preterm children compared to term born children. Thirty-four preterm infants and 34 term born controls were enrolled in this study from Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Three-dimensional head images were obtained at the age of 2–4 months (T1), 5–7 months (T2), 11–13 months (T3), and 2.5–3 years (T4) from the term equivalent age (TEA). There was no statistically significant difference in oblique cranial length ratio (OCLR), cephalic index (CI), or weighted asymmetry score (wAS) between the two groups. Occipital flattening, defined by flatness score (FS) was statistically significantly greater in the preterm group than in the term group at T1–T4 (p < 0.05). In both groups, OCLR improved gradually over time. There were no instances, in either group, of severe DP and no moderate DP after T2. Results indicate that DP affects preterm and full-term children almost equally during the first three years of life, and cranial asymmetry resolves at a similar rate in both preterm and term groups after three months of corrected age. Preterm infants present with more occipital flattening than full-term children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A 3D Follow-Up Study of Cranial Asymmetry from Early Infancy to Toddler Age after Preterm versus Term Birth

Launonen

Aarnivala

Kyteas

et al. 2019

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, currently, positional cranial deformity is a relatively common problem faced by parents and physicians. Specifically, in the first few months, cranial deformities in infants have more prevalence on the occipital bone, manifested as unilateral or bilateral flattening [ 1 , 2 ]. According to a prior study, the prevalence of positional skull deformities at the age of 6 weeks is 16% and decreases to 3.3% by the age of 24 months [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, including young parents or low-educational status, and obstetric factors such as multiparity, delivery complications, or prematurity, increase the risk of positional head deformities. Moreover, infant care, such as head positioning during sleeping, is strongly related to the positional head deformity [ 2 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Image-Based Screening Tool for Infants with Positional Cranial Deformities: A Machine Learning Approach

et al. 2020

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Positional cranial deformities are relatively common conditions, characterized by asymmetry and changes in skull shape. Although three-dimensional (3D) scanning is the gold standard for diagnosing such deformities, it requires expensive laser scanners and skilled maneuvering. We therefore developed an inexpensive, fast, and convenient screening method to classify cranial deformities in infants, based on single two-dimensional vertex cranial images. In total, 174 measurements from 80 subjects were recorded. Our screening software performs image processing and machine learning-based estimation related to the deformity indices of the cranial ratio (CR) and cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) to determine the severity levels of brachycephaly and plagiocephaly. For performance evaluations, the estimated CR and CVAI values were compared to the reference data obtained using a 3D cranial scanner. The CR and CVAI correlation coefficients obtained via support vector regression were 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. When the trained model was evaluated using the unseen test data for the three CR and three CVAI classes, an 86.7% classification accuracy of the proposed method was obtained for both brachycephaly and plagiocephaly. The results showed that our method for screening cranial deformities in infants could aid clinical evaluations and parental monitoring of the progression of deformities at home.

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