Positioning Evaluation of Single and Dual-Frequency Low-Cost GNSS Receivers Signals Using PPP and Static Relative Methods in Urban Areas

Abstract

A positional accuracy obtained by the Precise Point Positioning and static relative methods was compared and analyzed. Test data was collected using low-cost GNSS receivers of single- and dual-frequency in urban areas. The data was analyzed for quality using the TEQC program to determine the degree of affectation of the signal in the urban area. Low-cost GNSS receivers were found to be sensitive to the multipath effect, which impacts positioning. The horizontal and vertical accuracy was evaluated with respect to Mexican regulations for the GNSS establishment criteria. Probable Error Circle (CEP) and Vertical Positioning Accuracy (EPV) were performed on low cost GNSS receiver observation data. The results show that low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receivers can be used in urban areas. The precision was obtained in the order of 0.013 m in the static relative method. The results obtained are comparable to a geodetic receiver in a geodetic baseline of <20 km. The study does not recommend using single and dual frequencies low cost GNSS receivers based on results obtained by the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method in urban areas. The inclusion of the GGM10 model reduces the vertical precision obtained by using low cost GNSS receivers in both methods, conforming to the regulations only in the horizontal component.

A Cost-Effective GNSS Solution for Continuous Monitoring of Landslides

“…Most of these tests were carried out in open-sky conditions due to the sensitivity of the patch antennas used for multipath effects [5,16]. Later, these GNSS devices were evaluated in limited studies in urban areas and harsh conditions [17][18][19][20].…”

“…Positioning accuracies of a few centimeters were obtained in the static relative and PPP methods, while in the RTK, the positioning quality was worse compared to the value reported by the manufacturer. Romero-Andrade et al [19] highlighted that dual-frequency receivers are suitable for surveying in urban areas, although the height component remains a challenge for patch antennas, which are more sensitive to multipath.…”

Observing glacier dynamics with low-cost, multi-GNSS positioning in Victoria Land, Antarctica

“…5a-c). In other settings, low-cost patch antennas are also shown to have a lesser ability to suppress multipath interference and signal noise (Odolinski and Teunissen, 2017b;Romero-Andrade and others, 2021;Manzini and others, 2022;Paziewski, 2022).…”

LZER0: A Cost-Effective Multi-Purpose GNSS Platform

“…Automotive and Monitoring LZER0s use a USB card developed by OGS in the form of a Raspberry Pi hat that contains the u-blox M8T GNSS receiver. The USB card can be connected to the Raspberry Pi, but also directly to a PC as a convenient portable GNSS receiver; GNSS antenna: considering that it is an essential part of the equipment and must represent a compromise between performance and cost (no calibration parameters provided, see [ 27 ]), we selected the following models: TW4721, a single-band GNSS antenna installed in the Cadastral LZER0, and TW3742, a pre-filtered single-band GNSS antenna for the Automotive and Monitoring LZER0 models. More details are provided in Supplementary Material Section SC ; Case: we designed the case for Cadastral LZER0 and printed it with a 3D printer, while for Monitoring and Automotive LZER0, we purchased a standard Gewiss GW44427case.…”

“…GNSS antenna: considering that it is an essential part of the equipment and must represent a compromise between performance and cost (no calibration parameters provided, see [ 27 ]), we selected the following models: TW4721, a single-band GNSS antenna installed in the Cadastral LZER0, and TW3742, a pre-filtered single-band GNSS antenna for the Automotive and Monitoring LZER0 models. More details are provided in Supplementary Material Section SC ;…”