Positive and Negative Aspects in the Management of the Dacian Fortresses in the Orăștie Mountains Listed Among Unesco World Heritage Sites

Abstract

The research and documenting of the historical monuments are fundamental and key tools for their adequate understanding and protection. Despite the numerous national and international laws, agreements and recommendations, regulating almost all aspects related to the protection of the monuments, they are not fully complied with and applied in Romania. The Dacian fortresses from the Orăștiei Mountains, on the list of UNESCO world heritage sites make no exception to the rule. Recognition of the universal value of this fortified complex, formed of several fortresses, carried both prestige and responsibilities for Romania. The latter involved, among other, adequate legal frameworks, ensuring optimal conditions for the management, protection, restoration, research and highlight of these unique monuments that belong to the world heritage. Romania counts among the 193 signatory states of the 1990 Convention for the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. Nevertheless, the effective enforcement of the Convention occurred only in 2000, when the government approved measures for the protection of the historical monuments on the World Heritage List. After 2000, various laws on the management, preservation and protection of the monuments on the World heritage list were issued, nonetheless, there is sufficient space for improvement of the national regulatory framework, especially as regards the management of the cultural and natural heritage, the fight against archaeological poaching, the illegal traffic of antiquities etc., all of the above with impact also on the Dacian fortresses on the World Heritage list. Some of the provisions of these laws have not been applied or complied with, which made that some of the Dacian fortresses not to have a legal administrator, further resulting in the monuments decay. To date, there are no management plans for the six Dacian fortresses. To this lack of management plans adds the lack of managers for these monuments, but also the lack of management plans and minimal short-term strategies that would solve stringent issues. Another issue that the Romanian authorities failed to resolve is related to the permanent security of the monuments. The only Dacian fortress from the Orăștiei Mountains to benefit from 24/24-security services is Sarmizegetusa Regia, which is under the administration of the County Council of Hunedoara. Therefore, the phenomenon of the archaeological poaching and deliberate destruction disappeared completely in the area of Sarmizegetusa Regia. Not the same applies for the remaining fortresses, where the destruction, vandalism and archaeological poaching may be still found, and not rarely. In almost all these fortresses, there are buildings in ruin and walls dislodges on several parts. Access routes to some of these Dacian fortresses are inadequate, in some cases even difficult. Vegetation in these unmanaged sites has invaded the monuments, while significant parts of walls and buildings are covered

Vandalisme pada Benda Peninggalan Sejarah di Lebong Tandai Batavia Kecil Bengkulu: Studi pada Perilaku Masyarakat antara Kreatifitas dan Penyimpangan

“…Kondisi ini terjadi disebabkan oleh status barang peninggalan yang dibiarkan saja terlantar tanpa adanya status menjadi barang peninggalan atau sebagai cagar budaya yang harus dijaga keberadaanya. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempertahankan keaslian suatu warisan peninggalan dapat dilakukan dengan cara menjadikannya sebagai kawasan cagar budaya, sesuai dengan level atau pemeringkatan pada benda peninggalan tersebut (Achmadi, 2014;Barca, 2019) Perhatian dari pemerintah sangat penting dalam rangka mengurangi vandalisme pada benda-benda peninggalan (Fajari, 2016;Jannah et al, 2022). Sedangkan vandalisme yang dilakukan oleh remaja pada lampu-lampu terowongan rel molek menuju Desa Lebong Tandai termasuk pada bentuk vandalisme play, yaitu perilaku pengrusakan karena untuk kesenangan atau kepuasan.…”