Positive and negative effects of political disaffection on the less experienced voter

Effects of Negative Political Advertising on Individuals' Cynicism and Self-Efficacy: The Impact of Ad Type and Message Exposures

“…The items comprising the scale are similar to other contemporary conceptualizations of the cynicism dimension (Austin & Pinkleton, 1995;Craig, Niemi, & Silver, 1990;. The Cronbach's alpha level for this scale was .64.…”

“…The construct sometimes is bifurcated further, with the just-mentioned conceptualization referred to more specifically as external efficacy, whereas internal efficacy consists of an individual's confidence that government and politics is not too difficult to understand (Lee, 2005). Relating advertising to cynicism and perceived self-efficacy, a common rationale suggests a negative relationship between the two concepts in which the increased cynicism and distrust generated by negative political advertising leads to lower feelings of self-efficacy (Austin & Pinkleton, 1995), which further may produce lower voter turnout and a general alienation or turning away from the political process (Ansolabehere & Iyengar, 1995;Schenck-Hamlin et al, 2000).…”

“…Encompassing multiple dimensions, terms like disaffection, disengagement, and alienation all have been advanced in the literature to describe the overall impact of such effects. Austin and Pinkleton (1995) suggested that the comprehensive concept of political disaffection was composed of four distinct dimensions: cynicism, apathy, negativism, and third-person perceptions. Cynicism has been described as a lack of trust of political figures or lack of faith in the political system and institutions (Pinkleton & Austin, 2001;Schenck-Hamlin et al, 2000).…”

“…Cynicism has been described as a lack of trust of political figures or lack of faith in the political system and institutions (Pinkleton & Austin, 2001;Schenck-Hamlin et al, 2000). Apathy was conceptualized as individuals' increasingly deficient concern with the political process, ultimately to the point of nonparticipation (Austin & Pinkleton, 1995). Negativism was defined as the belief that political advertising is unfair and biased (Garramone, 1984).…”

Aproximaciones teóricas sobre el rol de la publicidad electoral en contextos de malestar

“…Por otro lado, la sensación de eficacia política se relaciona directamente con las actitudes individuales hacia el sistema político. Este indicador, junto al interés en política, la confianza en las instituciones, el negativismo y la apatía, representan variables populares en la literatura a la hora de medir los fenómenos de desafección (Austin & Pinkleton, 1995;Marinus P. C. M. van Schendelen, 1981;Miller, 1980;O'Keefe, 1980;Pinkleton & Austin, 2002).…”