Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizotypy and the Five-Factor Model: A Domain and Facet Level Analysis

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the Five-factor model in the concurrent prediction of positive symptom schizotypy as measured by the Magical Ideation (Eckblad & Chapman, 1983) and Perceptual Aberration (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1978) scales and negative symptom schizotypy as measured by the Physical Anhedonia (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1976) and Revised Social Anhedonia (Eckblad, Chapman, Chapman, & Mishlove, 1982; Mishlove & Chapman, 1985) scales. Previous studies suggest that these measures reflect the core symptoms found in schizotypal and schizoid personality disorder (Bailey, West, Widiger, & Freiman, 1993). Negative symptoms were significantly predicted by Neuroticism (+), Extraversion (-), Openness (-), and Agreeableness (-) domains of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992). Additionally, positive symptoms were significantly predicted by Neuroticism (+), Openness (+), and Agreeableness (-). In addition, we examined the validity of lower order traits in de- scribing these symptoms of character pathology. These findings lend further support for the use of domain and facet scales of the NEO-PI-R in the identification of personality pathology.

The Janus face of schizotypy: Enhanced spiritual connection or existential despair?

“…People high in schizotypy, and particularly the cognitiveperceptual features, may find some comfort in the perception of being connected with a higher entity or that their experiences provide them with a sense of being significant in some 'higher' sense (Diduca et al, 1997). This finding would be consistent with Ross's report of a high amount of Openness to Experience as a personality factor as predictive of positive symptoms in schizotypy (Ross et al, 2002). Furthermore schizotypes also described a higher intensity of enjoyable dreaming as well as nightmare distress (Claridge et al, 1997).…”

The 5-Dimensional Personality Test (5DPT): Relationships With Two Lexically Based Instruments and the Validation of the Absorption Scale

“…Given the fact that the schizoid, schizotypal, or preschizophrenic personality has been reported to exhibit features that resemble high positions on 5DPT S, N, and A, and low positions on E (see, e.g., Bleuler, 1972;Ross et al, 2002;Slater, 1953), as well as the observation that the SSQ breaks down into the correlated factors Negative Schizotypy, Asocial Schizotypy, and Positive Schizotypy (Van Kampen, 2006b), it was reassuring to see that 5DPT S turned out to correlate rather substantially with SSQ Egocentrism and 98 VAN KAMPEN Hostility (two scales that measure Asocial Schizotypy); low 5DPT E with SSQ Active Isolation and Social Anxiety (both loading on Negative Schizotypy); 5DPT N with particularly SSQ Affective Flattening and Apathy (also loading on Negative Schizotypy); and 5DPT A, albeit not very high, with SSQ Living in a Fantasy World and Delusional Thinking (both loading on Positive Schizotypy).…”

“…As such, Tellegen and Atkinson's (1974) Absorption (A) construct was selected to characterize the normal pole of Eysenck's normality-psychosis continuum. This choice was based on evidence that it is particularly the Fivefactor model (FFM) Openness facets O1 (fantasy), O2 (aesthetics) and O3 (feelings)-rather than O4 (actions), O5 (ideas), and O6 (values)-that correlate with positive schizotypy (see, e.g., Ross, Lutz, & Bailly, 2002), and that these facets substantially relate to Absorption (e.g., Glisky, Tataryn, Tobias, Kihlstrom, & McConkey, 1991). Given the importance attached by Eysenck to a general causal theory in which a dimension is embedded (see, e.g., Eysenck, 1994aEysenck, , 1994b, it is reassuring that Absorption can be considered to "reflect the ease with which a person can pass between different states of consciousness" (Watson, 2001, p. 532), with the enhanced permeability in turn dependent on biological factors (Fleck et al, 2008;Ott, Reuter, Hennig & Vaitl, 2005).…”

Trust and Volunteering: Selection or Causation? Evidence From a 4 Year Panel Study

“…In terms of the 'Five Factor Model' of personality, trust is a facet of agreeableness (Graziano and Eisenberg 1997), or may even be the sixth basic dimension of human personality (Ashton and Lee 2001). Trust is also known to be correlated with two other of the 'Big Five': trusters are less neurotic (Ross et al 2002) and more extraverted (Couch and Jones 1997) than distrusters. Previous research is mute on the relationship between trust and the two other dimensions of personality, openness to experience and conscientiousness.…”