Positive electrostatic therapy of metastatic tumors: selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by pure charges

Abstract

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Induced electric fields inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis by modulating the immune tumor microenvironment

“…We observed that 4T1 TNBC cells undergo apoptosis when treated with iEFs in vitro. This finding is notable, especially in the context of bioelectricity, as other methods of applying electrical current or fields, such as tumor treating fields 47 (TTFs) and positive electrostatic charge therapy 48,49 (PECT), have also reported selective apoptosis of cancer cells. In addition, a recent study showed that TTFs enhance anti-tumor immune activation in a murine glioblastoma (GBM) model 50 .…”

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo effect of liposomal doxorubicin along with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus on 4T1 cell line: Animal preclinical research

“…Cytoplasmic degradation is predominant in Newcastle with liposomal doxorubicin‐treated malignant tissues; as the tissue matrix of the exposed tumours was not affected, the chance of necrosis was excluded (Figure 5I ). To demonstrate selective apoptosis in the tumour mass used IHC staining with P53 and Ki67 as markers of apoptosis and proliferative, respectively (Ozer et al., 2012 ; Zandi et al., 2021 ) (Figure 5II ). Also, H&E investigations of areas directly exposed to NDV as well as the body's vital organs, including the liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, lungs, brain, and heart, were not demonstrated any pathological effects or any alternation, which indicates that the Newcastle virus will not negatively affect them (Figure 6I and II ).…”

Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drug Loaded Charged PLGA Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Electrostatic Field

“…Positive electrostatic fields showed no effect on cultured MCF‐7 cell lines, as we reported previously. [ 34,35 ] Cells were subjected to different concentrations of PTX (1 n m , 3 n m , 6 n m , 12 n m , 25 n m , 50 n m ) for periods of 24, 48, and 72 h. MTT analysis results showed that none of the 1 n m , 3 n m , or 6 n m treatments reached the IC 50 value for PTX after 72 h (Figure 2C). While neither positive electrostatic charge nor Paclitaxel could reduce the cell viability to 50%, the accumulation of DLNs caused by an applied external electrostatic field decreased cell viability to 45% after 24 h (Figure 2C).…”

“…Positive electrostatic fields showed no effect on cultured MCF-7 cell lines, as we reported previously. [34,35] Cells were subjected to different concentrations of PTX (1 nm, 3 nm, 6 nm, 12 nm, 25 nm, 50 nm) for periods of 24, 48, and 72 h. MTT analysis results showed that none of the 1 nm, 3 nm, or 6 nm treatments reached the IC 50 value for PTX after 72 h (Figure 2C).…”

“…We recently showed that PPECs do not have any therapeutic effect on triple-positive breast cancer tumors. [33][34][35] However, we added this cohort to our study to exclude any probable therapeutic or tumorigenesis effects of PPECs. Another group was treated by DLNs without any PPECs application, and the final cohort was administrated with DLNs in the presence of PPECs.…”