Positive Energy Imbalance and Microflora Overgrowth

Abstract

Minimal bacteria growth on small intestinal mucosa is associated with prompt absorption of food, as happens during insulin sensitivity . Any meal by meal excess intake over expenditure (insulin resistance) fosters microflora growth and reversible immune deficiency (RID: subclinical inflammation, overall inflammatory state, or pro-inflammatory state) [1,2,[66][67][68][69][70][71]. Overweight is the cumulative result of meal by meal positive balance for a period of time. Weight increase and fattening produce an increase in insulin resistance and RID. A weight stable is poorly effective on subclinical inflammation, and weight decreases diminish the overall inflammation. In the small intestine, unabsorbed food becomes harmful to mucosa and all the body for the existence of bacteria in the intestinal lumen and the possibility of an active proliferation inside the lumen until food is available [68]. On the contrary, rearing experimental animals without bacteria reduced to 10% cellular infiltration and immunoglobulin production in small intestine mucosa [70]. Tropical enteropathy exhibits a denser infiltrate than normal mucosa in dependence on absorption slowdown in a warm and humid climate.The conception of intestinal saprophytes was rather naïve. Bacteria grow in the colon and everywhere in dependence of water and available nutrients and temperature. Water is freely available on mucosal surfaces, and nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins) depend on eating and more precisely on current energy balance. We compared the xylose absorption rate in two groups of experimental animals, one at the environmental temperature of 30 °C and the other at 6 °C environmental temperature [59]. At high environmental temperature, the absorption rate halved in comparison to animals kept at low temperature. We obtained similar results in humans [60]. A slowdown of metabolic and absorption rates explain unexpected microflora growth [59][60][61][62][63][64]. Bacteria in the colon double every day, very slowly in comparison with growth in the small intestine, where bacteria can double every 15 minutes [68]. Bacteria obtain little energy from nonabsorbable, indigestible fibers in absence of oxygen. All meat, bread and every good meal component do not arrive to the colon. These highly energetic foods would promote an explosive growth. The rumen is similar to the human colon in hosting bacteria in an ambient that has poor nutrients and is absolutely devoid of oxygen. Energy rich nutrients let develop one-two liters of carbodioxid per minute in the rumen. The small intestine is also anaerobic, and oxygen absence increases toward the end of the intestine. 60% of bacteria do not stimulate any immune response [69]. 10%-15% evoke a response by IgG lymphocytes and neutrophils that are destructive on invading bacteria, mucosa and overall in the body by subclinical inflammation. Minimal bacteria growth requires minimal persistence of nutrients in the small intestine lumen like on teeth. This depends on intake amount and rhythm. Amounts and intervals can be...

Initial Hunger Meal Pattern and 20% Reduction in Energy Intake

“…Adults [6]. Body weight did not decrease in those who were both normal weight and insulin sensitive.…”

“…Children require an education to control (contrast) the preference for energy rich food. Intake of essential principles is small when meal energy density is high [6]. All population has to increase familiarity with energy content of food, energy expenditure in different environments and has to improve estimation of current energy availability.…”