Positive expectancies mediate the link between race and alcohol use in a sample of Native American and Caucasian college students

Looby, Alison; Luger, Elizabeth; Guartos, Cynthia Stephanie

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.04.019

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Alcohol consumption is associated with different demographic and environmental characteristics, such as race (Looby, Luger, & Guartos, 2017) or sexual orientation (Gidycz et al, 2007; Williams et al, 2013), and both variables could constitute risk factors to sexual and physical assault; therefore, we controlled for both variables in our analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Use and Sexual and Physical Assault Victimization Among University Students: Three Years of Follow-Up

Caamaño-Isorna

Adkins

Moure-Rodríguez

et al. 2018

J Interpers Violence

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The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of sexual and physical assault among university students and its association with alcohol use. The research is part of a wider cohort study (Spit for Science) at a large public university in the United States. The follow-up data include the first two cohorts (2011, 2012; n = 5,170). The dependent variables were victim of sexual assault and victim of physical assault. The independent variables were alcohol dependence and abuse according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.), cannabis use, residence, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and previous experience of sexual assault and/or physical assault. We used multilevel logistic regression for repeated measures. All data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Incidence rates of sexual and physical assault (per 100 students a year) were 15.1 and 27.6 among nonabusers/dependents versus 36.4 and 56.7 among alcohol-dependent females at the first year, and 2.8 and 4.7 versus 7.7 and 23.1 at the third year; while in males, incident rates were 6.0 and 3.1 versus 18.5 and 66.6, and 2.3 and 7.4 versus 18.9 and 15.1, respectively. Our results show that alcohol abuse and dependence constitute risk factors to be victim of sexual assault in males (odds ratio [OR] = 2.21 and OR = 2.73) and alcohol dependence in females (OR = 2.16). Similarly, alcohol abuse and dependence are risk factors to physical assault among both males (OR = 1.52 and OR = 2.03) and females (OR = 1.70 and OR = 2.88). Ethnicity, sexual orientation, and whether the individual had been victimized in the past were associated with sexual assault. Regarding physical assault, cannabis use and past victimization are also risk factors. Our study has shown that assault victimization is strongly related to alcohol abuse and dependence diagnoses in both genders. Ethnicity and sexual orientation are also associated to both assaults. Our results show that incidence rates of both types of assaults were clearly higher in the first 6 months of university, probably explained by the novel and potentially risky environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Use and Sexual and Physical Assault Victimization Among University Students: Three Years of Follow-Up

Caamaño-Isorna

Adkins

Moure-Rodríguez

et al. 2018

J Interpers Violence

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“…Previous literature has found alcohol expectancies to precede initiation of alcohol use and increase following initiation, and to be prospectively associated with alcohol use in adolescent samples (Smit et al, 2018). Further, positive alcohol expectancies have been found to be associated with alcohol use in both cross-sectional studies (Dieterich et al, 2013; Goldstein et al, 2021; Looby et al, 2017) and longitudinal studies of NAI adults and adolescents (Mitchell & Beals, 2006), and to intensify the effects of other important predictors of use, such as descriptive norms (i.e., perceptions of the prevalence of a behavior in one’s social context; Dieterich et al, 2013). Given that expectancies are a robust predictor of alcohol consumption, identifying malleable factors that might interrupt this association is of great clinical relevance, as such investigations may give rise to important targets for intervention and prevention programming.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subjective happiness interrupts the association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption among reserve-dwelling first nation adolescents.

Schick¹,

Todi²,

Spillane³

2022

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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North American Indigenous (NAI) youth suffers disproportionately from consequences associated with alcohol use. Previous research has found that positive alcohol expectancies are robustly related to alcohol consumption among NAI youth and that changes in alcohol consumption are associated with concurrent changes in happiness. However, no work to date has examined the relation between happiness and alcohol expectancies, or the influence of happiness on the association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption. First Nation adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 living on a rural reserve in Eastern Canada (N = 106, M age = 14.6 years, 50.0% female) completed a pencil-and-paper survey regarding their subjective happiness, positive alcohol expectancies, and alcohol consumption. Moderation analyses revealed a significant main effect of subjective happiness (b = −.10, p < .001) but not alcohol expectancies (b = .02, p = .14) on alcohol consumption. The interaction of alcohol expectancies and subjective happiness was significant, (b = −.01, p = .002). Analysis of simple slopes revealed that the effect of alcohol expectancies on alcohol consumption was significant for those reporting low (b = .07, p = .001), but not high levels of subjective happiness (b = −.02, p = .25). Results of the present study provide preliminary support for the utility of positive psychological interventions aiming to increase adolescent’s subjective happiness to indirectly target alcohol consumption. Future work should test the effectiveness of such interventions and aim to replicate these findings in larger samples.

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“…In an AI/AN college student sample in the Southwest U.S., 27% reported binge drinking in the past month compared to 34.3% of their same-age peers who primarily identified as NHW (Greenfield et al, 2018; SAMHSA, 2020). Additionally, AI/AN college students in the Midwest have been found to drink less than half the amount compared to their NHW counterparts (Looby et al, 2017). Research is needed to improve our understanding of risk and protective factors that influence alcohol use among AI/AN young adults (e.g., college students).…”

Section: Descriptive and Injunctive Norms Of Alcohol Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Social norms of alcohol use among American Indian/Alaska Native college students.

Lopez¹,

Leffingwell²,

Cole³

2022

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Research on misperceived descriptive and injunctive drinking norms, or normative perceptions of frequency, quantity, and acceptability of drinking, has rarely been extended to American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) college student populations. Ethnic identity, or strength of one’s ties to their AI/AN culture, has been hypothesized as a protective factor against problematic alcohol use. As a step toward informing culturally appropriate and gender-specific norms-based interventions for AI/AN students, this study examined differences between perceived and actual descriptive and injunctive drinking norm reference groups (e.g., AI/AN males/females, “typical” males/females), and investigated ethnic identity as a moderator between perceived and actual drinking norms. Method: AI/AN college students (N = 356) completed an online survey assessing drinking patterns, descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and ethnic identity. Results: Compared to actual drinking levels, participants overestimated all gender-specific descriptive norm groups and all gender-specific injunctive norm groups except for AI/AN males. Participants estimated lower drinking levels for AI/AN-specific groups than non-AI/AN groups. Descriptive AI/AN male and best male friend norms significantly predicted drinking for men while only best female friend norms predicted drinking for women. Injunctive typical male norms significantly predicted drinking for men, and no injunctive norms predicted drinking for women. Finally, ethnic identity was unrelated to drinking and did not significantly moderate the relation between perceived and actual drinking. Conclusions: Current findings may inform norms-based alcohol use interventions, as AI/AN-specific reference groups may have a significant impact on drinking among men, but not women. Future culturally relevant alcohol use intervention research for AI/AN young adults is warranted.

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Positive expectancies mediate the link between race and alcohol use in a sample of Native American and Caucasian college students

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Alcohol Use and Sexual and Physical Assault Victimization Among University Students: Three Years of Follow-Up

Alcohol Use and Sexual and Physical Assault Victimization Among University Students: Three Years of Follow-Up

Subjective happiness interrupts the association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption among reserve-dwelling first nation adolescents.

Social norms of alcohol use among American Indian/Alaska Native college students.

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